<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" version="2.0" xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd" xmlns:googleplay="http://www.google.com/schemas/play-podcasts/1.0"><channel><title><![CDATA[𝗠𝗔𝗚𝗡𝗢 𝗜𝗡𝗩𝗘𝗦𝗧𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗧𝗦 𝖱𝖤𝖲𝖤𝖠𝖱𝖢𝖧: Equity Research 📈🔍]]></title><description><![CDATA[We invest in companies that treat their capital as you treat yours 📈🔍

In-depth analysis of high-quality companies with a long-term business perspective. All the information you need to make informed decisions.  ]]></description><link>https://www.magnoinvestments.net/s/tesis-inversion</link><image><url>https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mrth!,w_256,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F445dc4d4-c5f7-48c7-a667-c456ad61e368_1280x1280.png</url><title>𝗠𝗔𝗚𝗡𝗢 𝗜𝗡𝗩𝗘𝗦𝗧𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗧𝗦 𝖱𝖤𝖲𝖤𝖠𝖱𝖢𝖧: Equity Research 📈🔍</title><link>https://www.magnoinvestments.net/s/tesis-inversion</link></image><generator>Substack</generator><lastBuildDate>Wed, 08 Apr 2026 09:26:57 GMT</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="https://www.magnoinvestments.net/feed" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><copyright><![CDATA[carlos chaume]]></copyright><language><![CDATA[en]]></language><webMaster><![CDATA[magnoinvestments@substack.com]]></webMaster><itunes:owner><itunes:email><![CDATA[magnoinvestments@substack.com]]></itunes:email><itunes:name><![CDATA[𝐌𝐀𝐆𝐍𝐎 𝐈𝐍𝐕𝐄𝐒𝐓𝐌𝐄𝐍𝐓𝐒 RESEARCH]]></itunes:name></itunes:owner><itunes:author><![CDATA[𝐌𝐀𝐆𝐍𝐎 𝐈𝐍𝐕𝐄𝐒𝐓𝐌𝐄𝐍𝐓𝐒 RESEARCH]]></itunes:author><googleplay:owner><![CDATA[magnoinvestments@substack.com]]></googleplay:owner><googleplay:email><![CDATA[magnoinvestments@substack.com]]></googleplay:email><googleplay:author><![CDATA[𝐌𝐀𝐆𝐍𝐎 𝐈𝐍𝐕𝐄𝐒𝐓𝐌𝐄𝐍𝐓𝐒 RESEARCH]]></googleplay:author><itunes:block><![CDATA[Yes]]></itunes:block><item><title><![CDATA[INVESTMENT THESIS | L.D.C. S.A (LOUP) ]]></title><description><![CDATA[LDC Group Investment Thesis: A Defensive European Poultry Compounder with Strong Cash Flow and Long-Term Growth.

Tesis de Inversi&#243;n LDC Group: Small cap Europea en el sector de alimentaci&#243;n con con fuerte generaci&#243;n de caja y poder de compounder]]></description><link>https://www.magnoinvestments.net/p/investment-thesis-ldc-sa-loup</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.magnoinvestments.net/p/investment-thesis-ldc-sa-loup</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[𝐌𝐀𝐆𝐍𝐎 𝐈𝐍𝐕𝐄𝐒𝐓𝐌𝐄𝐍𝐓𝐒 RESEARCH]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 20 Feb 2026 11:47:28 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/46b967cd-98d3-4848-9259-04a97008ecf9_1280x720.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p></p><div id="youtube2-mGU35HyKQks" class="youtube-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;videoId&quot;:&quot;mGU35HyKQks&quot;,&quot;startTime&quot;:null,&quot;endTime&quot;:null}" data-component-name="Youtube2ToDOM"><div class="youtube-inner"><iframe src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/mGU35HyKQks?rel=0&amp;autoplay=0&amp;showinfo=0&amp;enablejsapi=0" frameborder="0" loading="lazy" gesture="media" allow="autoplay; fullscreen" allowautoplay="true" allowfullscreen="true" width="728" height="409"></iframe></div></div><h2><strong>1. Introduction</strong></h2><p>LDC Group is a French, family-controlled food company with more than a century of operating history. Founded in 1909 by the Lambert family, the <strong>Group has evolved from a local poultry business into one of Europe&#8217;s largest integrated protein and convenience food platforms.</strong> Today, LDC operates at industrial scale across more than 100 sites in Europe, employs over 26,000 people and generates over &#8364;6 billion in annual revenue.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6FX7!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda6c39f4-2975-45a9-9538-93003e8b2f4d_1197x678.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6FX7!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda6c39f4-2975-45a9-9538-93003e8b2f4d_1197x678.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6FX7!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda6c39f4-2975-45a9-9538-93003e8b2f4d_1197x678.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6FX7!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda6c39f4-2975-45a9-9538-93003e8b2f4d_1197x678.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6FX7!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda6c39f4-2975-45a9-9538-93003e8b2f4d_1197x678.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6FX7!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda6c39f4-2975-45a9-9538-93003e8b2f4d_1197x678.png" width="706" height="399.88972431077696" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/da6c39f4-2975-45a9-9538-93003e8b2f4d_1197x678.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:678,&quot;width&quot;:1197,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:706,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6FX7!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda6c39f4-2975-45a9-9538-93003e8b2f4d_1197x678.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6FX7!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda6c39f4-2975-45a9-9538-93003e8b2f4d_1197x678.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6FX7!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda6c39f4-2975-45a9-9538-93003e8b2f4d_1197x678.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6FX7!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda6c39f4-2975-45a9-9538-93003e8b2f4d_1197x678.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><blockquote><h6><strong>Source:</strong> LDC Group, <em>Half-Year Results FY 2024&#8211;2025 &#8211; Investor Presentation</em>, November 2025</h6></blockquote><p>What makes LDC particularly interesting from an investment perspective is not rapid growth or margin expansion, but the <strong>durability of its model. </strong>The company operates in essential food categories, holds leading market positions in France, maintains a conservative balance sheet and reinvests heavily to protect long-term competitiveness. LDC is best understood as a defensive industrial compounder rather than a cyclical commodity producer.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.magnoinvestments.net/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading &#120288;&#120276;&#120282;&#120289;&#120290; &#120284;&#120289;&#120297;&#120280;&#120294;&#120295;&#120288;&#120280;&#120289;&#120295;&#120294; &#120241;&#120228;&#120242;&#120228;&#120224;&#120241;&#120226;&#120231;! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><h2><strong>2. Sector Analysis</strong></h2><p>The global poultry market is one of the largest and most structurally <strong>resilient segments </strong>within the food industry. Poultry has become the most consumed animal protein in many developed markets due to its affordability, efficiency and versatility. If we compare it with beef or pork, poultry offers a lower cost per kilogram of protein, shorter production cycles and better feed conversion ratios, making it structurally advantaged in an environment of cost-conscious consumers and constant rising input prices.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1RRY!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ca79ffb-863c-48ca-a9dc-1194125d95df_1280x720.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1RRY!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ca79ffb-863c-48ca-a9dc-1194125d95df_1280x720.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1RRY!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ca79ffb-863c-48ca-a9dc-1194125d95df_1280x720.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1RRY!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ca79ffb-863c-48ca-a9dc-1194125d95df_1280x720.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1RRY!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ca79ffb-863c-48ca-a9dc-1194125d95df_1280x720.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1RRY!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ca79ffb-863c-48ca-a9dc-1194125d95df_1280x720.png" width="612" height="344.25" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3ca79ffb-863c-48ca-a9dc-1194125d95df_1280x720.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:720,&quot;width&quot;:1280,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:612,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1RRY!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ca79ffb-863c-48ca-a9dc-1194125d95df_1280x720.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1RRY!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ca79ffb-863c-48ca-a9dc-1194125d95df_1280x720.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1RRY!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ca79ffb-863c-48ca-a9dc-1194125d95df_1280x720.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1RRY!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ca79ffb-863c-48ca-a9dc-1194125d95df_1280x720.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><blockquote><h6><strong>Source:</strong> <em>Market Data Forecast &#8211; Global Poultry Market Analysis</em></h6></blockquote><p>In Europe, poultry consumption has shown <strong>steady long-term growth</strong>, supported by population stability, changing dietary habits and as emntioned substitution away from more expensive proteins. In fact, France is one of the largest poultry markets in Europe, with poultry firmly embedded in everyday consumption.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vpsK!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7aabc29b-cfea-4bc0-9b7d-dc160ff4a8fa_542x540.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vpsK!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7aabc29b-cfea-4bc0-9b7d-dc160ff4a8fa_542x540.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vpsK!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7aabc29b-cfea-4bc0-9b7d-dc160ff4a8fa_542x540.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vpsK!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7aabc29b-cfea-4bc0-9b7d-dc160ff4a8fa_542x540.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vpsK!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7aabc29b-cfea-4bc0-9b7d-dc160ff4a8fa_542x540.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vpsK!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7aabc29b-cfea-4bc0-9b7d-dc160ff4a8fa_542x540.png" width="464" height="462.2878228782288" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/7aabc29b-cfea-4bc0-9b7d-dc160ff4a8fa_542x540.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:540,&quot;width&quot;:542,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:464,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vpsK!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7aabc29b-cfea-4bc0-9b7d-dc160ff4a8fa_542x540.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vpsK!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7aabc29b-cfea-4bc0-9b7d-dc160ff4a8fa_542x540.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vpsK!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7aabc29b-cfea-4bc0-9b7d-dc160ff4a8fa_542x540.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vpsK!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7aabc29b-cfea-4bc0-9b7d-dc160ff4a8fa_542x540.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><blockquote><h6> <strong>Source:</strong> European Commission &#8211; <em>EU Agricultural Outlook 2025&#8211;2035  (AGLINK-COSIMO simulation)</em></h6></blockquote><p>As shown in the above picture, protein is expected to remain dominant in EU diets through 2035. Total protein availability may increase slightly due to an ageing population, with growth mainly coming from dairy, eggs and fish, while <strong>poultry stands out as the only meat category not expected to decline.</strong></p><p>The total addressable market for LDC therefore combines two attractive characteristics. First, it is <strong>large and non-discretionary</strong>, anchored in everyday food consumption. Second, it is <strong>gradually expanding</strong>, both through increased poultry penetration and through the growth of convenience and ready-to-eat formats. This combination provides a solid foundation for long-term revenue visibility.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!exYR!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F385706cb-722f-44ae-9a94-ed15e75a7cf5_1095x597.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!exYR!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F385706cb-722f-44ae-9a94-ed15e75a7cf5_1095x597.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!exYR!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F385706cb-722f-44ae-9a94-ed15e75a7cf5_1095x597.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!exYR!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F385706cb-722f-44ae-9a94-ed15e75a7cf5_1095x597.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!exYR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F385706cb-722f-44ae-9a94-ed15e75a7cf5_1095x597.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!exYR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F385706cb-722f-44ae-9a94-ed15e75a7cf5_1095x597.png" width="658" height="358.74520547945207" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/385706cb-722f-44ae-9a94-ed15e75a7cf5_1095x597.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:597,&quot;width&quot;:1095,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:658,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!exYR!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F385706cb-722f-44ae-9a94-ed15e75a7cf5_1095x597.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!exYR!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F385706cb-722f-44ae-9a94-ed15e75a7cf5_1095x597.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!exYR!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F385706cb-722f-44ae-9a94-ed15e75a7cf5_1095x597.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!exYR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F385706cb-722f-44ae-9a94-ed15e75a7cf5_1095x597.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><blockquote><h6><strong>Source:</strong> <em>Mordor Intelligence &#8211; Europe Poultry Meat Market Report</em></h6></blockquote><p>According to the European Commission, EU poultry production is expected to grow gradually over the long term, supported by steady consumption and expanding export opportunities. Between 2025 and 2035, total production is projected to increase by around <strong>965,000 tonnes</strong>, equivalent to <strong>~0.7% annual growth</strong>.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DqiT!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b45d005-9420-4301-985d-f2e905258d59_502x456.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DqiT!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b45d005-9420-4301-985d-f2e905258d59_502x456.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DqiT!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b45d005-9420-4301-985d-f2e905258d59_502x456.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DqiT!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b45d005-9420-4301-985d-f2e905258d59_502x456.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DqiT!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b45d005-9420-4301-985d-f2e905258d59_502x456.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DqiT!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b45d005-9420-4301-985d-f2e905258d59_502x456.png" width="502" height="456" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/6b45d005-9420-4301-985d-f2e905258d59_502x456.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:456,&quot;width&quot;:502,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:502,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DqiT!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b45d005-9420-4301-985d-f2e905258d59_502x456.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DqiT!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b45d005-9420-4301-985d-f2e905258d59_502x456.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DqiT!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b45d005-9420-4301-985d-f2e905258d59_502x456.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DqiT!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b45d005-9420-4301-985d-f2e905258d59_502x456.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><blockquote><h6><strong>Source:</strong> European Commission &#8211; <em>EU Agricultural Outlook 2025&#8211;2035  (AGLINK-COSIMO simulation)</em></h6></blockquote><p>Crucially, demand dynamics are defensive in nature: volumes tend to remain <strong>resilient during economic downturns</strong> and often benefit from down-trading effects as consumers shift toward more affordable protein sources.</p><p>Finally, within this context, scale and integration matter. Regulatory requirements, biosecurity standards and cost inflation increasingly penalize smaller, fragmented producers. This structural shift favours large, well-capitalised players such as<strong> LDC, which are able to invest continuously while maintaining price competitiveness.</strong></p><h2><strong>3. Core business and geographic presence</strong></h2><p>LDC&#8217;s operations are spread <strong>across more than 100 industrial sites in Europe</strong>, supported by logistics platforms primarily located in France and Belgium. France remains the operational core of the Group, but international activities have become increasingly relevant, both in terms of growth and diversification.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NSbv!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd7857e3c-a29a-40b5-b920-f51c4d536072_1105x632.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NSbv!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd7857e3c-a29a-40b5-b920-f51c4d536072_1105x632.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NSbv!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd7857e3c-a29a-40b5-b920-f51c4d536072_1105x632.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NSbv!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd7857e3c-a29a-40b5-b920-f51c4d536072_1105x632.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NSbv!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd7857e3c-a29a-40b5-b920-f51c4d536072_1105x632.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NSbv!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd7857e3c-a29a-40b5-b920-f51c4d536072_1105x632.png" width="676" height="386.63529411764705" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/d7857e3c-a29a-40b5-b920-f51c4d536072_1105x632.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:632,&quot;width&quot;:1105,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:676,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NSbv!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd7857e3c-a29a-40b5-b920-f51c4d536072_1105x632.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NSbv!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd7857e3c-a29a-40b5-b920-f51c4d536072_1105x632.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NSbv!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd7857e3c-a29a-40b5-b920-f51c4d536072_1105x632.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NSbv!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd7857e3c-a29a-40b5-b920-f51c4d536072_1105x632.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><blockquote><h6><strong>Source:</strong> LDC Group, corporate website</h6></blockquote><p>This geographic density is a competitive advantage in fresh protein and prepared foods, where proximity<strong> reduces logistics costs, improves freshness and enhances supply chain control.</strong> Rather than centralising production, LDC deliberately maintains a regional industrial footprint aligned with local sourcing and consumption.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ehiQ!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9e0a290d-f6d7-424e-9e56-077d4c772bf6_1170x657.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ehiQ!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9e0a290d-f6d7-424e-9e56-077d4c772bf6_1170x657.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ehiQ!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9e0a290d-f6d7-424e-9e56-077d4c772bf6_1170x657.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ehiQ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9e0a290d-f6d7-424e-9e56-077d4c772bf6_1170x657.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ehiQ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9e0a290d-f6d7-424e-9e56-077d4c772bf6_1170x657.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ehiQ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9e0a290d-f6d7-424e-9e56-077d4c772bf6_1170x657.png" width="645" height="362.1923076923077" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/9e0a290d-f6d7-424e-9e56-077d4c772bf6_1170x657.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:657,&quot;width&quot;:1170,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:645,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ehiQ!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9e0a290d-f6d7-424e-9e56-077d4c772bf6_1170x657.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ehiQ!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9e0a290d-f6d7-424e-9e56-077d4c772bf6_1170x657.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ehiQ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9e0a290d-f6d7-424e-9e56-077d4c772bf6_1170x657.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ehiQ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9e0a290d-f6d7-424e-9e56-077d4c772bf6_1170x657.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><blockquote><h6><strong>Source:</strong> LDC Group, <em>Half-Year Results FY 2024&#8211;2025 &#8211; Investor Presentation</em>, November 2025</h6></blockquote><p>This dual structure allows LDC to anchor its profitability in a large, mature and defensive domestic market, while gradually expanding its addressable market through international operations. </p><p>Importantly, international growth is not pursued at the expense of risk discipline: activities remain largely European, close to core markets, and focused on categories where LDC already has operational expertise.</p><h3><strong>Operating segments and economic roles</strong></h3><p>LDC operates a fully integrated supply chain. The Group is involved in every step of the process, from farming and poultry processing to the preparation of finished products. <strong>LDC also develops its own recipes in-house, with internal teams in charge of product formulation, quality control and food safety.</strong></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z3ln!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fae840225-28a9-4512-8ed5-56a357461ee9_1112x581.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z3ln!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fae840225-28a9-4512-8ed5-56a357461ee9_1112x581.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z3ln!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fae840225-28a9-4512-8ed5-56a357461ee9_1112x581.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z3ln!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fae840225-28a9-4512-8ed5-56a357461ee9_1112x581.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z3ln!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fae840225-28a9-4512-8ed5-56a357461ee9_1112x581.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z3ln!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fae840225-28a9-4512-8ed5-56a357461ee9_1112x581.png" width="691" height="361.03507194244605" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/ae840225-28a9-4512-8ed5-56a357461ee9_1112x581.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:581,&quot;width&quot;:1112,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:691,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z3ln!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fae840225-28a9-4512-8ed5-56a357461ee9_1112x581.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z3ln!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fae840225-28a9-4512-8ed5-56a357461ee9_1112x581.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z3ln!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fae840225-28a9-4512-8ed5-56a357461ee9_1112x581.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z3ln!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fae840225-28a9-4512-8ed5-56a357461ee9_1112x581.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><blockquote><h6><strong>Source:</strong> LDC Group, corporate website</h6></blockquote><p>By controlling production, processing, logistics and distribution, LDC <strong>keeps tight control over costs and quality</strong>. This structure allows the Group to adjust volumes and product mix as demand changes, while supplying both large retailers and foodservice clients. In a regulated and cost-sensitive industry, this integrated model gives LDC a clear and lasting advantage over smaller competitors.</p><p>LDC is organised into four main operating segments, each playing a distinct economic role within the Group.</p><h4><strong>Poultry France &#8211; the core cash-flow engine</strong></h4><p>Poultry France is the historical and economic backbone of LDC Group<strong>, accounting for ~70% of total group revenues</strong>. In FY 2024&#8211;2025, the division generated <strong>&#8364;4.4bn of sales</strong>, representing <strong>69.6% of consolidated revenues</strong>, confirming its role as the dominant cash-flow engine of the group. The division is built around scale, industrial efficiency and recurring demand in a structurally defensive protein category. The division has evolved into a fully integrated industrial platform covering slaughtering, cutting and processed poultry products.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UwWh!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffb1b3e34-5c88-4313-a412-45b7add8cc5d_600x600.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UwWh!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffb1b3e34-5c88-4313-a412-45b7add8cc5d_600x600.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UwWh!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffb1b3e34-5c88-4313-a412-45b7add8cc5d_600x600.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UwWh!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffb1b3e34-5c88-4313-a412-45b7add8cc5d_600x600.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UwWh!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffb1b3e34-5c88-4313-a412-45b7add8cc5d_600x600.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UwWh!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffb1b3e34-5c88-4313-a412-45b7add8cc5d_600x600.png" width="240" height="240" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/fb1b3e34-5c88-4313-a412-45b7add8cc5d_600x600.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:600,&quot;width&quot;:600,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:240,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UwWh!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffb1b3e34-5c88-4313-a412-45b7add8cc5d_600x600.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UwWh!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffb1b3e34-5c88-4313-a412-45b7add8cc5d_600x600.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UwWh!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffb1b3e34-5c88-4313-a412-45b7add8cc5d_600x600.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UwWh!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffb1b3e34-5c88-4313-a412-45b7add8cc5d_600x600.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0HLq!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F51d730f6-938c-4357-8d15-1252ebb49a54_700x729.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0HLq!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F51d730f6-938c-4357-8d15-1252ebb49a54_700x729.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0HLq!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F51d730f6-938c-4357-8d15-1252ebb49a54_700x729.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0HLq!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F51d730f6-938c-4357-8d15-1252ebb49a54_700x729.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0HLq!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F51d730f6-938c-4357-8d15-1252ebb49a54_700x729.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0HLq!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F51d730f6-938c-4357-8d15-1252ebb49a54_700x729.png" width="260" height="270.77142857142854" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/51d730f6-938c-4357-8d15-1252ebb49a54_700x729.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:729,&quot;width&quot;:700,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:260,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0HLq!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F51d730f6-938c-4357-8d15-1252ebb49a54_700x729.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0HLq!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F51d730f6-938c-4357-8d15-1252ebb49a54_700x729.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0HLq!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F51d730f6-938c-4357-8d15-1252ebb49a54_700x729.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0HLq!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F51d730f6-938c-4357-8d15-1252ebb49a54_700x729.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Within this division, LDC operates a portfolio of strong national and regional brands addressing different price points and consumer preferences. <strong>Le Gaulois</strong> serves as the flagship mainstream brand with nationwide distribution, while <strong>Ma&#238;tre Coq</strong> and <strong>Lou&#233;</strong> focus on higher-quality, origin-driven and premium segments. </p><p><strong>Le Gaulois</strong> &#8211; Flagship mass-market poultry brand, positioned around &#8220;100% born, raised and prepared in France&#8221;, anchoring volumes and nationwide distribution within the Poultry France division.</p><p><strong>Ma&#238;tre CoQ</strong> &#8211; Historic poultry brand (founded in 1969) focused on product innovation and value-added formats, reinforcing convenience and service while maintaining close ties with partner farmers.</p><p><strong>Lou&#233;</strong> &#8211; Premium free-range and labelled poultry brand (Label Rouge / PDO), representing LDC&#8217;s leadership in high-quality, terroir-driven poultry and certified production standards.</p><blockquote><p><strong>Why this division matters:<br></strong>Its objective is not margin maximisation, but volume stability, asset utilisation and cost leadership This segment anchors the group&#8217;s stability and cash generation, allowing LDC to reinvest and absorb volatility elsewhere in the portfolio.</p></blockquote><h4><strong>Catering (Traiteur) &#8211; value-added and mix improvement</strong></h4><p>The Catering (Traiteur) division represents LDC&#8217;s main source of value-added diversification beyond raw poultry. In FY 2024&#8211;2025, the segment generated approximately <strong>&#8364;1.1bn in revenues</strong>, accounting for <strong>~18% of total group sales</strong>, making it the second largest division after Poultry France.</p><p> While smaller in absolute size, its strategic importance lies in <strong>earnings quality and mix improvement</strong> rather than volume defensiveness.</p><p>Brands such as <strong>Marie</strong> and other prepared food labels operate within this segment, addressing chilled and ready-meal categories with higher value added. Catering benefits from different demand drivers than raw poultry and provides margin support over the cycle.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6smV!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F483ec707-6b98-4255-af23-bbb519e52c47_600x500.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6smV!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F483ec707-6b98-4255-af23-bbb519e52c47_600x500.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6smV!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F483ec707-6b98-4255-af23-bbb519e52c47_600x500.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6smV!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F483ec707-6b98-4255-af23-bbb519e52c47_600x500.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6smV!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F483ec707-6b98-4255-af23-bbb519e52c47_600x500.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6smV!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F483ec707-6b98-4255-af23-bbb519e52c47_600x500.png" width="388" height="323.3333333333333" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/483ec707-6b98-4255-af23-bbb519e52c47_600x500.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:500,&quot;width&quot;:600,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:388,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6smV!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F483ec707-6b98-4255-af23-bbb519e52c47_600x500.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6smV!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F483ec707-6b98-4255-af23-bbb519e52c47_600x500.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6smV!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F483ec707-6b98-4255-af23-bbb519e52c47_600x500.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6smV!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F483ec707-6b98-4255-af23-bbb519e52c47_600x500.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>Marie</strong> &#8211; Flagship fresh and frozen prepared-foods brand, forming the backbone of the Catering division since its acquisition in 2009 and anchoring LDC&#8217;s leadership in ready meals and convenience foods.</p><p><strong>Traditions d&#8217;Asie</strong> &#8211; Specialist brand focused on Asian and exotic ready-to-eat products, addressing structurally growing demand for ethnic convenience food.</p><p><strong>Regal&#8217;ette</strong> &#8211; Recognised brand for cr&#234;pes and galettes, strengthening the division&#8217;s presence in traditional French convenience categories.</p><blockquote><p><strong>Why this division matters:<br></strong>Catering contributes roughly one-fifth of group revenues and acts as LDC&#8217;s main lever for earnings quality, innovation and long-term growth, without compromising the defensive profile of the overall business.</p></blockquote><h4><strong>Export International division &#8211; controlled growth and diversification</strong></h4><p>Based on the group&#8217;s latest disclosures, Export &amp; International represents <strong>around 13&#8211;15% of group revenues</strong>, making it materially smaller than Poultry France but structurally important as LDC&#8217;s main <strong>growth and diversification lever</strong>. </p><p>The division operates across Poland, Hungary, Belgium, the UK, Germany and Romania, with c<strong>ountry-specific brands adapted to local consumption habits </strong>while following the same industrial logic as in France.</p><p>The strategy is deliberately pragmatic: enter fragmented markets with strong consumption fundamentals, acquire local champions, and gradually improve product mix and operational efficiency.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mnsf!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fae045003-6192-42f3-9a9b-243b419142d5_257x119.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mnsf!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fae045003-6192-42f3-9a9b-243b419142d5_257x119.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mnsf!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fae045003-6192-42f3-9a9b-243b419142d5_257x119.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mnsf!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fae045003-6192-42f3-9a9b-243b419142d5_257x119.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mnsf!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fae045003-6192-42f3-9a9b-243b419142d5_257x119.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mnsf!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fae045003-6192-42f3-9a9b-243b419142d5_257x119.png" width="163" height="75.47470817120623" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/ae045003-6192-42f3-9a9b-243b419142d5_257x119.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:119,&quot;width&quot;:257,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:163,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mnsf!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fae045003-6192-42f3-9a9b-243b419142d5_257x119.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mnsf!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fae045003-6192-42f3-9a9b-243b419142d5_257x119.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mnsf!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fae045003-6192-42f3-9a9b-243b419142d5_257x119.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mnsf!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fae045003-6192-42f3-9a9b-243b419142d5_257x119.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rapl!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F843a04a7-ca4e-4f2a-b3dd-e56ed11c546a_300x300.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rapl!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F843a04a7-ca4e-4f2a-b3dd-e56ed11c546a_300x300.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rapl!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F843a04a7-ca4e-4f2a-b3dd-e56ed11c546a_300x300.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rapl!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F843a04a7-ca4e-4f2a-b3dd-e56ed11c546a_300x300.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rapl!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F843a04a7-ca4e-4f2a-b3dd-e56ed11c546a_300x300.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rapl!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F843a04a7-ca4e-4f2a-b3dd-e56ed11c546a_300x300.png" width="130" height="130" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/843a04a7-ca4e-4f2a-b3dd-e56ed11c546a_300x300.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:300,&quot;width&quot;:300,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:130,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rapl!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F843a04a7-ca4e-4f2a-b3dd-e56ed11c546a_300x300.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rapl!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F843a04a7-ca4e-4f2a-b3dd-e56ed11c546a_300x300.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rapl!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F843a04a7-ca4e-4f2a-b3dd-e56ed11c546a_300x300.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rapl!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F843a04a7-ca4e-4f2a-b3dd-e56ed11c546a_300x300.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PAZu!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff716a6ca-1dc7-41ca-906c-5a6721ea7e72_256x208.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PAZu!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff716a6ca-1dc7-41ca-906c-5a6721ea7e72_256x208.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PAZu!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff716a6ca-1dc7-41ca-906c-5a6721ea7e72_256x208.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PAZu!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff716a6ca-1dc7-41ca-906c-5a6721ea7e72_256x208.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PAZu!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff716a6ca-1dc7-41ca-906c-5a6721ea7e72_256x208.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PAZu!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff716a6ca-1dc7-41ca-906c-5a6721ea7e72_256x208.png" width="144" height="117" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f716a6ca-1dc7-41ca-906c-5a6721ea7e72_256x208.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:208,&quot;width&quot;:256,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:144,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PAZu!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff716a6ca-1dc7-41ca-906c-5a6721ea7e72_256x208.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PAZu!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff716a6ca-1dc7-41ca-906c-5a6721ea7e72_256x208.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PAZu!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff716a6ca-1dc7-41ca-906c-5a6721ea7e72_256x208.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PAZu!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff716a6ca-1dc7-41ca-906c-5a6721ea7e72_256x208.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>Drosed (Poland)</strong> &#8211; Leading poultry brand in the Polish market, offering a mix of fresh and value-added products, with a strategic focus on moving up the value chain and expanding into duck and goose specialties.</p><p><strong>Goldenfood (Hungary)</strong> &#8211; Specialist brand in Hungarian poultry, primarily focused on duck and goose products, addressing niche consumption patterns with higher value-added profiles.</p><p><strong>Doux</strong> &#8211; International poultry brand with global reach, marketed in around 100 countries, and strongly positioned in frozen poultry products, including processed items and whole birds.</p><blockquote><p><strong>Why this division matters:<br></strong>Export &amp; International <strong>reduces geographic concentration risk and expands LDC&#8217;s total addressable marke</strong>t without altering the group&#8217;s conservative risk profile. It provides long-term growth while exposure to structurally growing Central and Eastern European markets.</p></blockquote><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.magnoinvestments.net/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading &#120288;&#120276;&#120282;&#120289;&#120290; &#120284;&#120289;&#120297;&#120280;&#120294;&#120295;&#120288;&#120280;&#120289;&#120295;&#120294; &#120241;&#120228;&#120242;&#120228;&#120224;&#120241;&#120226;&#120231;! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.magnoinvestments.net/p/investment-thesis-ldc-sa-loup?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.magnoinvestments.net/p/investment-thesis-ldc-sa-loup?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><h2><strong>4. Financial Profile </strong></h2><p>LDC generates over &#8364;6.3 billion in annual revenue and operates with structurally moderate but stable margins, as capital intensity is structural to LDC&#8217;s model. </p><p>The Group consistently reinvests heavily in its industrial base, with annual capital expenditure of around <strong>&#8364;300 million</strong>, primarily dedicated to plant modernisation, capacity upgrades. Despite operating margins typically hover around 5%, reflecting management&#8217;s focus on competitiveness</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NmvQ!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff64085ea-9856-4571-8ed4-8f2f9c9b68e2_1127x706.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NmvQ!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff64085ea-9856-4571-8ed4-8f2f9c9b68e2_1127x706.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NmvQ!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff64085ea-9856-4571-8ed4-8f2f9c9b68e2_1127x706.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NmvQ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff64085ea-9856-4571-8ed4-8f2f9c9b68e2_1127x706.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NmvQ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff64085ea-9856-4571-8ed4-8f2f9c9b68e2_1127x706.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NmvQ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff64085ea-9856-4571-8ed4-8f2f9c9b68e2_1127x706.png" width="684" height="428.48624667258207" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f64085ea-9856-4571-8ed4-8f2f9c9b68e2_1127x706.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:706,&quot;width&quot;:1127,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:684,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NmvQ!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff64085ea-9856-4571-8ed4-8f2f9c9b68e2_1127x706.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NmvQ!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff64085ea-9856-4571-8ed4-8f2f9c9b68e2_1127x706.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NmvQ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff64085ea-9856-4571-8ed4-8f2f9c9b68e2_1127x706.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NmvQ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff64085ea-9856-4571-8ed4-8f2f9c9b68e2_1127x706.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><blockquote><h6><strong>Source:</strong> LDC Group, corporate website</h6></blockquote><p>LDC&#8217;s financial profile is underpinned by a <strong>conservative balance sheet</strong>. The Group currently operates with <strong>net cash of approximately &#8364;70&#8211;75 million</strong>, providing substantial financial flexibility to invest through the cycle. Despite operating with structurally moderate margins, LDC delivers <strong>solid returns on invested capital</strong>, with ROIC consistently around the <strong>10&#8211;11% range</strong>, reflecting disciplined capital allocation, high asset utilisation and tight operational control.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AIN0!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F066153ae-5322-4caf-b1f2-86e0ebadb46c_677x322.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AIN0!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F066153ae-5322-4caf-b1f2-86e0ebadb46c_677x322.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AIN0!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F066153ae-5322-4caf-b1f2-86e0ebadb46c_677x322.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AIN0!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F066153ae-5322-4caf-b1f2-86e0ebadb46c_677x322.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AIN0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F066153ae-5322-4caf-b1f2-86e0ebadb46c_677x322.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AIN0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F066153ae-5322-4caf-b1f2-86e0ebadb46c_677x322.png" width="655" height="311.5361890694239" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/066153ae-5322-4caf-b1f2-86e0ebadb46c_677x322.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:322,&quot;width&quot;:677,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:655,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AIN0!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F066153ae-5322-4caf-b1f2-86e0ebadb46c_677x322.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AIN0!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F066153ae-5322-4caf-b1f2-86e0ebadb46c_677x322.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AIN0!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F066153ae-5322-4caf-b1f2-86e0ebadb46c_677x322.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AIN0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F066153ae-5322-4caf-b1f2-86e0ebadb46c_677x322.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><blockquote><h6>Source: TIKR.com</h6></blockquote><p>LDC has delivered <strong>consistent top-line growth over the last cycle</strong>, with revenues increasing from roughly <strong>&#8364;4.4bn to over &#8364;6.3bn</strong>, implying a <strong>high-single-digit CAGR (~9%)</strong>. This growth profile reflects a combination of structurally resilient end markets, incremental volume gains and progressive mix improvement, rather than aggressive price-led expansion.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yUR5!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b5d71be-0ca0-4d08-8a79-73d878e52aee_900x123.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yUR5!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b5d71be-0ca0-4d08-8a79-73d878e52aee_900x123.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yUR5!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b5d71be-0ca0-4d08-8a79-73d878e52aee_900x123.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yUR5!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b5d71be-0ca0-4d08-8a79-73d878e52aee_900x123.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yUR5!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b5d71be-0ca0-4d08-8a79-73d878e52aee_900x123.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yUR5!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b5d71be-0ca0-4d08-8a79-73d878e52aee_900x123.png" width="728" height="99.49333333333334" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/6b5d71be-0ca0-4d08-8a79-73d878e52aee_900x123.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:123,&quot;width&quot;:900,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:728,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yUR5!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b5d71be-0ca0-4d08-8a79-73d878e52aee_900x123.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yUR5!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b5d71be-0ca0-4d08-8a79-73d878e52aee_900x123.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yUR5!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b5d71be-0ca0-4d08-8a79-73d878e52aee_900x123.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yUR5!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b5d71be-0ca0-4d08-8a79-73d878e52aee_900x123.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><blockquote><h6>Source: TIKR.com</h6></blockquote><p>Alongside organic growth, acquisitions play a complementary role in LDC&#8217;s strategy. Over the last 12 months, the Group has completed several bolt-on acquisitions, adding around <strong>&#8364;325 million of pro forma annual revenues</strong>.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-8c7!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3dd05b34-a6fa-456e-96d4-c3b98447f738_937x518.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-8c7!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3dd05b34-a6fa-456e-96d4-c3b98447f738_937x518.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-8c7!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3dd05b34-a6fa-456e-96d4-c3b98447f738_937x518.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-8c7!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3dd05b34-a6fa-456e-96d4-c3b98447f738_937x518.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-8c7!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3dd05b34-a6fa-456e-96d4-c3b98447f738_937x518.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-8c7!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3dd05b34-a6fa-456e-96d4-c3b98447f738_937x518.png" width="710" height="392.5080042689434" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3dd05b34-a6fa-456e-96d4-c3b98447f738_937x518.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:518,&quot;width&quot;:937,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:710,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-8c7!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3dd05b34-a6fa-456e-96d4-c3b98447f738_937x518.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-8c7!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3dd05b34-a6fa-456e-96d4-c3b98447f738_937x518.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-8c7!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3dd05b34-a6fa-456e-96d4-c3b98447f738_937x518.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-8c7!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3dd05b34-a6fa-456e-96d4-c3b98447f738_937x518.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><blockquote><h6><strong>Source:</strong> LDC Group, <em>Half-Year Results FY 2024&#8211;2025 &#8211; Investor Presentation</em>, November 2025</h6></blockquote><p>These revenues represent the annualised sales of the acquired businesses. Assuming typical sector margins of <strong>5&#8211;7%</strong>, this translates into roughly <strong>&#8364;16&#8211;23 million of EBIT</strong>, suggesting that acquisitions were completed at <strong>around 6&#8211;8x EBIT</strong>, in line with LDC&#8217;s disciplined and conservative capital allocation approach.</p><p>LDC is exposed to typical sector risks as input cost volatility and regulatory pressure. However, these risks are structural rather than idiosyncratic; </p><blockquote><p><em>Execution risks related to the integration of acquired businesses, as well as increased operational complexity from greater scale and geographic diversification, could negatively impact performance over time.</em></p></blockquote><h2><strong>5. Management and ownership &#8211; Long-term alignment</strong></h2><p>LDC operates under a <strong>family-controlled governance structure</strong>, with the founding families (Lambert, Chancerel, Huttepain and Guillet) collectively holding <strong>close to 70% of the share capital</strong>. </p><p></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZQZq!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01fff085-9617-4787-a1c6-bd9cb38f6376_432x497.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZQZq!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01fff085-9617-4787-a1c6-bd9cb38f6376_432x497.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZQZq!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01fff085-9617-4787-a1c6-bd9cb38f6376_432x497.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZQZq!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01fff085-9617-4787-a1c6-bd9cb38f6376_432x497.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZQZq!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01fff085-9617-4787-a1c6-bd9cb38f6376_432x497.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZQZq!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01fff085-9617-4787-a1c6-bd9cb38f6376_432x497.png" width="344" height="395.75925925925924" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/01fff085-9617-4787-a1c6-bd9cb38f6376_432x497.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:497,&quot;width&quot;:432,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:344,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZQZq!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01fff085-9617-4787-a1c6-bd9cb38f6376_432x497.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZQZq!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01fff085-9617-4787-a1c6-bd9cb38f6376_432x497.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZQZq!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01fff085-9617-4787-a1c6-bd9cb38f6376_432x497.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZQZq!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01fff085-9617-4787-a1c6-bd9cb38f6376_432x497.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><blockquote><h6><strong>Source:</strong> LDC Group, corporate website</h6></blockquote><p>This ownership structure ensures strategic continuity and a long-term decision-making horizon. While free float is limited, governance is stable and transparent, and capital allocation decisions are conservative by design. The combination of family control, experienced management and operational focus has resulted in a consistent strategic direction over multiple economic cycles.</p><h2><strong>6. Valuation and investment perspective</strong></h2><p>As usual in order to assess the value of the analyzed company I do 3 different approaches: trading multiples, a simplified discounted cash-flow model, and a sensitivity analysis. Together, these three methods provide a balanced and ilustrative view of the company&#8217;s worth.</p><p><strong>The goal is not to provide a precise target price, but to outline a reasonable valuation range grounded in the company&#8217;s fundamentals and reported financial performance.</strong></p><div class="pullquote"><p><em><strong>Disclaimer: (The following is a conceptual valuation framework based on public historical data. It is just an illustrative example and not an investment recommendation.)</strong></em></p></div><p>Here we combine historical reported figures with forward projections based on the company&#8217;s own guidance and recent performance trends.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iPOp!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52b98bdd-e64c-4081-8971-360ea9b780c5_1326x652.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iPOp!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52b98bdd-e64c-4081-8971-360ea9b780c5_1326x652.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iPOp!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52b98bdd-e64c-4081-8971-360ea9b780c5_1326x652.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iPOp!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52b98bdd-e64c-4081-8971-360ea9b780c5_1326x652.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iPOp!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52b98bdd-e64c-4081-8971-360ea9b780c5_1326x652.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iPOp!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52b98bdd-e64c-4081-8971-360ea9b780c5_1326x652.png" width="1326" height="652" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/52b98bdd-e64c-4081-8971-360ea9b780c5_1326x652.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:652,&quot;width&quot;:1326,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:94355,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.magnoinvestments.net/i/187886565?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52b98bdd-e64c-4081-8971-360ea9b780c5_1326x652.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iPOp!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52b98bdd-e64c-4081-8971-360ea9b780c5_1326x652.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iPOp!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52b98bdd-e64c-4081-8971-360ea9b780c5_1326x652.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iPOp!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52b98bdd-e64c-4081-8971-360ea9b780c5_1326x652.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iPOp!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52b98bdd-e64c-4081-8971-360ea9b780c5_1326x652.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><blockquote><h6>Source: Self-made / Own creation</h6></blockquote><p>This valuation approach is based on historical company data combined with forward projections and peer multiples. LDC is compared with listed poultry and food processing peers using P/E, EV/EBITDA and EV/EBIT benchmarks. The model applies sector-average multiples to projected earnings, providing a relative valuation range grounded in comparable market pricing rather than standalone assumptions.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UeVC!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc7a80fc4-3d2c-4c37-b7ec-b2a2121c64c3_1590x500.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UeVC!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc7a80fc4-3d2c-4c37-b7ec-b2a2121c64c3_1590x500.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UeVC!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc7a80fc4-3d2c-4c37-b7ec-b2a2121c64c3_1590x500.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UeVC!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc7a80fc4-3d2c-4c37-b7ec-b2a2121c64c3_1590x500.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UeVC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc7a80fc4-3d2c-4c37-b7ec-b2a2121c64c3_1590x500.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UeVC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc7a80fc4-3d2c-4c37-b7ec-b2a2121c64c3_1590x500.png" width="1456" height="458" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c7a80fc4-3d2c-4c37-b7ec-b2a2121c64c3_1590x500.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:458,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:72702,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.magnoinvestments.net/i/187886565?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc7a80fc4-3d2c-4c37-b7ec-b2a2121c64c3_1590x500.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UeVC!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc7a80fc4-3d2c-4c37-b7ec-b2a2121c64c3_1590x500.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UeVC!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc7a80fc4-3d2c-4c37-b7ec-b2a2121c64c3_1590x500.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UeVC!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc7a80fc4-3d2c-4c37-b7ec-b2a2121c64c3_1590x500.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UeVC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc7a80fc4-3d2c-4c37-b7ec-b2a2121c64c3_1590x500.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><blockquote><h6>Source: Self-made / Own creation</h6></blockquote><p>The DCF valuation is built on historical data and conservative growth assumptions. Applying a 6.41% WACC and modest terminal growth, the model yields an intrinsic value of &#8364;107.95 per share.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IOWm!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff73af008-5ff3-4320-aaf0-2796577da31c_710x593.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IOWm!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff73af008-5ff3-4320-aaf0-2796577da31c_710x593.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IOWm!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff73af008-5ff3-4320-aaf0-2796577da31c_710x593.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IOWm!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff73af008-5ff3-4320-aaf0-2796577da31c_710x593.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IOWm!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff73af008-5ff3-4320-aaf0-2796577da31c_710x593.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IOWm!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff73af008-5ff3-4320-aaf0-2796577da31c_710x593.png" width="710" height="593" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f73af008-5ff3-4320-aaf0-2796577da31c_710x593.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:593,&quot;width&quot;:710,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:76370,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.magnoinvestments.net/i/187886565?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff73af008-5ff3-4320-aaf0-2796577da31c_710x593.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IOWm!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff73af008-5ff3-4320-aaf0-2796577da31c_710x593.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IOWm!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff73af008-5ff3-4320-aaf0-2796577da31c_710x593.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IOWm!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff73af008-5ff3-4320-aaf0-2796577da31c_710x593.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IOWm!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff73af008-5ff3-4320-aaf0-2796577da31c_710x593.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><blockquote><h6>Source: Self-made / Own creation</h6></blockquote><p>Finally, this sensitivity analysis gives additional perspective on how valuation changes depending on key assumptions such as WACC and long-term growth.</p><p>Rather than relying on a single output, it provides a valuation range under different possible scenarios. This improves the robustness of the analysis and helps frame the investment case in terms of risk, upside and margin of safety.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wmvJ!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa65dcab5-960f-4ffc-936f-9cfe67735a19_885x342.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wmvJ!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa65dcab5-960f-4ffc-936f-9cfe67735a19_885x342.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wmvJ!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa65dcab5-960f-4ffc-936f-9cfe67735a19_885x342.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wmvJ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa65dcab5-960f-4ffc-936f-9cfe67735a19_885x342.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wmvJ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa65dcab5-960f-4ffc-936f-9cfe67735a19_885x342.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wmvJ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa65dcab5-960f-4ffc-936f-9cfe67735a19_885x342.png" width="885" height="342" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/a65dcab5-960f-4ffc-936f-9cfe67735a19_885x342.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:342,&quot;width&quot;:885,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:46898,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.magnoinvestments.net/i/187886565?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa65dcab5-960f-4ffc-936f-9cfe67735a19_885x342.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wmvJ!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa65dcab5-960f-4ffc-936f-9cfe67735a19_885x342.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wmvJ!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa65dcab5-960f-4ffc-936f-9cfe67735a19_885x342.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wmvJ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa65dcab5-960f-4ffc-936f-9cfe67735a19_885x342.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wmvJ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa65dcab5-960f-4ffc-936f-9cfe67735a19_885x342.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><blockquote><h6>Source: Self-made / Own creation</h6></blockquote><p><strong>CONCLUSION</strong></p><p>LDC is best understood as a <strong>stable, family-run food business</strong> operating in essential markets with predictable demand.</p><p>We should not see LDC as a &#168;growth&#168; company, but a defensive business with predictable cash generation and long-term compounding potential.</p><p>At reasonable valuation multiples, the market effectively prices LDC as a low-growth industrial, however, the market may be underestimating the value of its resilience, scale and optionality in catering and international expansion.</p><p><strong>Magno Investments Research</strong></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.magnoinvestments.net/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading &#120288;&#120276;&#120282;&#120289;&#120290; &#120284;&#120289;&#120297;&#120280;&#120294;&#120295;&#120288;&#120280;&#120289;&#120295;&#120294; &#120241;&#120228;&#120242;&#120228;&#120224;&#120241;&#120226;&#120231;! 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These positions may be changed at any time without prior notice.</p><p>Before investing in a real account, it is necessary to have the appropriate training or otherwise delegate this task to a professional duly authorized to do it. Magno Investments is not responsible for the use that members make of the information or for any losses arising from their investments.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[INVESTMENT THESIS | VIAFIN SERVICE (VIAFIN)]]></title><description><![CDATA[Built to Last: The Nordic Maintenance Compounder]]></description><link>https://www.magnoinvestments.net/p/investment-thesis-viafin-service</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.magnoinvestments.net/p/investment-thesis-viafin-service</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[𝐌𝐀𝐆𝐍𝐎 𝐈𝐍𝐕𝐄𝐒𝐓𝐌𝐄𝐍𝐓𝐒 RESEARCH]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 07 Dec 2025 17:23:33 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/82adcf6f-b7f9-4d38-a075-1aca98f61960_1280x720.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p></p><div id="youtube2-AvXnJ8XngOk" class="youtube-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;videoId&quot;:&quot;AvXnJ8XngOk&quot;,&quot;startTime&quot;:null,&quot;endTime&quot;:null}" data-component-name="Youtube2ToDOM"><div class="youtube-inner"><iframe src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/AvXnJ8XngOk?rel=0&amp;autoplay=0&amp;showinfo=0&amp;enablejsapi=0" frameborder="0" loading="lazy" gesture="media" allow="autoplay; fullscreen" allowautoplay="true" allowfullscreen="true" width="728" height="409"></iframe></div></div><p>Hi everyone.</p><p>Today I&#8217;m bringing you a thesis that genuinely surprised me. It&#8217;s not a tech company, it&#8217;s not a trend, it&#8217;s not a hype play, it&#8217;s a small, quiet, &#8216;boring&#8217; business and honestly that&#8217;s exactly why I found it so interesting.</p><p>Viafin Service operates at the heart of Finland&#8217;s industrial infrastructure, generating recurring revenues, stable margins and a much greater long-term growth potential than meets the eye.</p><p>All started with Viafin Oy&#8217;s industrial piping operations, which expanded regionally from 2008 and consolidated as Viafin Process Piping Oy in 2011. The company diversified into installation, maintenance, hydraulic, and small-diameter piping, forming Viafin Service Oyj in 2018 and listing on Nasdaq Helsinki First North.</p><blockquote></blockquote><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mBx8!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F815c32c8-373a-4e2f-92cc-dac65b3660ff_1270x516.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mBx8!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F815c32c8-373a-4e2f-92cc-dac65b3660ff_1270x516.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mBx8!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F815c32c8-373a-4e2f-92cc-dac65b3660ff_1270x516.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mBx8!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F815c32c8-373a-4e2f-92cc-dac65b3660ff_1270x516.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mBx8!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F815c32c8-373a-4e2f-92cc-dac65b3660ff_1270x516.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mBx8!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F815c32c8-373a-4e2f-92cc-dac65b3660ff_1270x516.png" width="509" height="206.80629921259842" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/815c32c8-373a-4e2f-92cc-dac65b3660ff_1270x516.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:516,&quot;width&quot;:1270,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:509,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mBx8!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F815c32c8-373a-4e2f-92cc-dac65b3660ff_1270x516.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mBx8!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F815c32c8-373a-4e2f-92cc-dac65b3660ff_1270x516.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mBx8!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F815c32c8-373a-4e2f-92cc-dac65b3660ff_1270x516.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mBx8!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F815c32c8-373a-4e2f-92cc-dac65b3660ff_1270x516.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Viafin Service Oyj (VIAFIN)</p><p>Through Strategic acquisitions as Gasum Tekniika Oy (Viafin GAS), Astepa Oy, Wind Group, and OT Service Oy, Viafin expanded its services to biogas, industrial maintenance, and wind turbine operations.</p><p>Today, Viafin operates across Finland, providing integrated maintenance and installation services for industrial, energy, and mechanical systems.</p><h2><strong>1. Core business and geographic presence</strong></h2><p>Viafin is essentially an <strong>asset-light industrial maintenance and projects platform</strong> operating exclusively in Finland. The business is organized around three main areas:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Process Piping (Viafin Process Piping)</strong> &#8211; Maintenance, modification and installation of industrial process pipework and related equipment across pulp &amp; paper, chemicals, metals and energy.</p><p></p></li><li><p><strong>Industrial Service (Viafin Industrial Service)</strong> &#8211; Comprehensive mechanical and multi-disciplinary maintenance services for industrial plants, including workshop services and on-site maintenance units across the country.</p></li><li><p><strong>Gas &amp; Energy Infrastructure (Viafin GAS &amp; Viafin Wind Service)</strong> &#8211; Design, installation and maintenance of gas, LNG and biogas infrastructure, and more recently wind turbine maintenance, including responsibility for maintaining Finland&#8217;s backbone gas transmission network.</p></li></ul><blockquote></blockquote><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jGw1!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdacdec45-1d18-40bc-a3e9-e21fda286b02_1142x628.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jGw1!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdacdec45-1d18-40bc-a3e9-e21fda286b02_1142x628.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jGw1!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdacdec45-1d18-40bc-a3e9-e21fda286b02_1142x628.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jGw1!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdacdec45-1d18-40bc-a3e9-e21fda286b02_1142x628.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jGw1!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdacdec45-1d18-40bc-a3e9-e21fda286b02_1142x628.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jGw1!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdacdec45-1d18-40bc-a3e9-e21fda286b02_1142x628.png" width="1142" height="628" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/dacdec45-1d18-40bc-a3e9-e21fda286b02_1142x628.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:628,&quot;width&quot;:1142,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jGw1!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdacdec45-1d18-40bc-a3e9-e21fda286b02_1142x628.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jGw1!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdacdec45-1d18-40bc-a3e9-e21fda286b02_1142x628.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jGw1!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdacdec45-1d18-40bc-a3e9-e21fda286b02_1142x628.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jGw1!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdacdec45-1d18-40bc-a3e9-e21fda286b02_1142x628.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Source: Viafin Website</p><p>The company operates through a network of its <strong>32 </strong>local <strong>units spread across 23 locations </strong>in all major industrial regions of Finland (e.g. Vantaa, Jyv&#228;skyl&#228;, Kokkola, &#196;&#228;nekoski, Meri-Lappi and northern Finland), serving blue-chip industrial clients in pulp, board, metals, energy and chemicals.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e0jw!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F97375932-e11d-454f-af9f-c40a227fded2_545x471.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e0jw!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F97375932-e11d-454f-af9f-c40a227fded2_545x471.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e0jw!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F97375932-e11d-454f-af9f-c40a227fded2_545x471.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e0jw!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F97375932-e11d-454f-af9f-c40a227fded2_545x471.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e0jw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F97375932-e11d-454f-af9f-c40a227fded2_545x471.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e0jw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F97375932-e11d-454f-af9f-c40a227fded2_545x471.png" width="545" height="471" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/97375932-e11d-454f-af9f-c40a227fded2_545x471.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:471,&quot;width&quot;:545,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e0jw!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F97375932-e11d-454f-af9f-c40a227fded2_545x471.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e0jw!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F97375932-e11d-454f-af9f-c40a227fded2_545x471.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e0jw!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F97375932-e11d-454f-af9f-c40a227fded2_545x471.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e0jw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F97375932-e11d-454f-af9f-c40a227fded2_545x471.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Source: Viafin Website</p><p>From an investment perspective, it is relevant to note that Viafin is a micro-cap company with a market capitalization of roughly EUR 67 million. This makes it a niche, largely undiscovered player within the Nordic market, despite operating a solid, recurring-revenue business with attractive fundamentals. As a result, the company remains under the radar for most analysts and investors, offering potential mispricing and early-stage upside for those willing to look beyond larger, more visible names.</p><h3><strong>Business Model Structure</strong></h3><p>Viafin&#8217;s operations are built on long-term customer relationships and are organised into two primary segments:</p><ul><li><p><strong> Regional service and maintenance</strong></p></li><li><p><strong> Project execution</strong>.</p></li></ul><p>Approximately <strong>75%</strong> of revenue is generated from recurring service and maintenance activities, while <strong>projects in the EUR 1&#8211;5 million range account for the remaining 25%</strong>. The company&#8217;s strategic focus is on expanding its service and maintenance operations, which provide greater stability and higher visibility. Additionally the fact that they focus on small-mid projects avoid some of the operational risk rather than develop bigger projects which could drive into financial problems.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oSU-!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb04b0912-0eb5-4859-9dc0-9ffefc4b9ccd_1152x665.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oSU-!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb04b0912-0eb5-4859-9dc0-9ffefc4b9ccd_1152x665.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oSU-!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb04b0912-0eb5-4859-9dc0-9ffefc4b9ccd_1152x665.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oSU-!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb04b0912-0eb5-4859-9dc0-9ffefc4b9ccd_1152x665.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oSU-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb04b0912-0eb5-4859-9dc0-9ffefc4b9ccd_1152x665.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oSU-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb04b0912-0eb5-4859-9dc0-9ffefc4b9ccd_1152x665.png" width="1152" height="665" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/b04b0912-0eb5-4859-9dc0-9ffefc4b9ccd_1152x665.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:665,&quot;width&quot;:1152,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oSU-!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb04b0912-0eb5-4859-9dc0-9ffefc4b9ccd_1152x665.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oSU-!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb04b0912-0eb5-4859-9dc0-9ffefc4b9ccd_1152x665.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oSU-!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb04b0912-0eb5-4859-9dc0-9ffefc4b9ccd_1152x665.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oSU-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb04b0912-0eb5-4859-9dc0-9ffefc4b9ccd_1152x665.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Source: Viafin Website</p><h3><strong>Maintenance Demand Is Non-Cyclical</strong></h3><p>As mentioned, revenues are predominantly <strong>recurring maintenance services</strong> (roughly three-quarters of sales in recent years) supplemented by higher-volatility project work. This mix underpins relatively stable earnings and cash generation despite the cyclical nature of heavy industry.</p><blockquote><p>For instance, in 2024: 83% of revenue came from maintenance business</p><p> (&#8776; &#8364;75.7 million) and 17% from project business (&#8776; &#8364;15.9 million).</p></blockquote><p>Industrial maintenance and repair services are required throughout the economic cycle. During periods of expansion, Viafin supports customers as they increase capacity, modernise equipment or build new facilities. In weaker cycles, maintenance activity often increases as clients extend the useful life of existing assets and optimize production efficiency. As a result, maintenance services constitute a critical and largely non-discretionary component of industrial operations.</p><div class="pullquote"><p><strong>&#8220;Pipes, Pressure, and Persistent Cashflows&#8221;</strong></p></div><p>Viafin Service has grown at an average rate of approximately 20% per year (CAGR) between 2018 and 2024. They also have a solid track record of organic growth and successful acquisitions.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XHqA!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe541e256-a7c4-47d1-87ed-6f8994986ddc_1146x411.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XHqA!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe541e256-a7c4-47d1-87ed-6f8994986ddc_1146x411.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XHqA!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe541e256-a7c4-47d1-87ed-6f8994986ddc_1146x411.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XHqA!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe541e256-a7c4-47d1-87ed-6f8994986ddc_1146x411.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XHqA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe541e256-a7c4-47d1-87ed-6f8994986ddc_1146x411.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XHqA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe541e256-a7c4-47d1-87ed-6f8994986ddc_1146x411.png" width="728" height="261.0890052356021" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e541e256-a7c4-47d1-87ed-6f8994986ddc_1146x411.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:411,&quot;width&quot;:1146,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:728,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XHqA!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe541e256-a7c4-47d1-87ed-6f8994986ddc_1146x411.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XHqA!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe541e256-a7c4-47d1-87ed-6f8994986ddc_1146x411.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XHqA!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe541e256-a7c4-47d1-87ed-6f8994986ddc_1146x411.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XHqA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe541e256-a7c4-47d1-87ed-6f8994986ddc_1146x411.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Source: Viafin Website</p><h3><strong>Diversified Exposure Across Industries and Clients</strong></h3><p>Viafin generates revenue across a broad industrial base, including pulp and paperboard, gas, energy and chemicals. The company continues to diversify its customer portfolio, supported by organic expansion such as growth in the food industry and strategic initiatives like the acquisition of Viafin GAS Oy, which broadened exposure to the gas sector.</p><p>Although Viafin works with very large customers (including major industrial groups), orders are not placed centrally at the corporate level. Instead, each factory, plant or operating unit places its own maintenance orders independently.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mvpJ!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F94e4465f-55bf-4a6c-a48e-c6d7ddd67837_1217x407.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mvpJ!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F94e4465f-55bf-4a6c-a48e-c6d7ddd67837_1217x407.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mvpJ!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F94e4465f-55bf-4a6c-a48e-c6d7ddd67837_1217x407.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mvpJ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F94e4465f-55bf-4a6c-a48e-c6d7ddd67837_1217x407.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mvpJ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F94e4465f-55bf-4a6c-a48e-c6d7ddd67837_1217x407.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mvpJ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F94e4465f-55bf-4a6c-a48e-c6d7ddd67837_1217x407.png" width="1217" height="407" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/94e4465f-55bf-4a6c-a48e-c6d7ddd67837_1217x407.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:407,&quot;width&quot;:1217,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mvpJ!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F94e4465f-55bf-4a6c-a48e-c6d7ddd67837_1217x407.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mvpJ!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F94e4465f-55bf-4a6c-a48e-c6d7ddd67837_1217x407.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mvpJ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F94e4465f-55bf-4a6c-a48e-c6d7ddd67837_1217x407.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mvpJ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F94e4465f-55bf-4a6c-a48e-c6d7ddd67837_1217x407.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Source: Viafin Website</p><p>Viafin operates with low capital intensity and limited investment requirements. The industry is characterised by strong cash generation and structurally <strong>negative working capital, </strong>which provides natural financing for operations. Combined with stable cash flows and modest capex needs, this enables a consistent capacity for dividend distribution.</p><div class="captioned-button-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.magnoinvestments.net/p/investment-thesis-viafin-service?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="CaptionedButtonToDOM"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading &#120288;&#120276;&#120282;&#120289;&#120290; &#120284;&#120289;&#120297;&#120280;&#120294;&#120295;&#120288;&#120280;&#120289;&#120295;&#120294; &#120241;&#120228;&#120242;&#120228;&#120224;&#120241;&#120226;&#120231;! This post is public so feel free to share it.</p></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.magnoinvestments.net/p/investment-thesis-viafin-service?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.magnoinvestments.net/p/investment-thesis-viafin-service?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p></div><h2><strong>2. Sector Analysis</strong></h2><h3><strong>Estimated Total Addressable Market (TAM)</strong></h3><p>Public data for Finland&#8217;s industrial maintenance market is limited, but a rigorous top-down estimation can be built using Europe as the reference point. According to Grand View Research, the European industrial maintenance services market amounted to USD 38.6bn in 2024.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1yfV!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6fe4715d-2f4a-4f20-83a4-a9eaf40d647d_542x528.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1yfV!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6fe4715d-2f4a-4f20-83a4-a9eaf40d647d_542x528.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1yfV!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6fe4715d-2f4a-4f20-83a4-a9eaf40d647d_542x528.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1yfV!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6fe4715d-2f4a-4f20-83a4-a9eaf40d647d_542x528.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1yfV!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6fe4715d-2f4a-4f20-83a4-a9eaf40d647d_542x528.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1yfV!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6fe4715d-2f4a-4f20-83a4-a9eaf40d647d_542x528.png" width="542" height="528" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/6fe4715d-2f4a-4f20-83a4-a9eaf40d647d_542x528.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:528,&quot;width&quot;:542,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1yfV!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6fe4715d-2f4a-4f20-83a4-a9eaf40d647d_542x528.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1yfV!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6fe4715d-2f4a-4f20-83a4-a9eaf40d647d_542x528.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1yfV!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6fe4715d-2f4a-4f20-83a4-a9eaf40d647d_542x528.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1yfV!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6fe4715d-2f4a-4f20-83a4-a9eaf40d647d_542x528.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Although Eurostat does not break Finland out individually in this chart, the &#8220;Rest of the EU&#8221; segment (28%) includes all mid-sized industrial economies such as Finland, Sweden, Austria and others. Within this group, Finland typically accounts for <strong>approximately 1.3&#8211;1.6%</strong> of EU industrial production based on Eurostat production-index data and long-run industrial structure.</p><p>Using this proportion and the EUR ~38.6bn European industrial maintenance services market (Grand View Research, 2024), Finland&#8217;s implied industrial maintenance market is roughly <strong>EUR ~0.5bn</strong>. This top-down estimate is fully consistent with industry expectations and broadly aligned with Viafin&#8217;s own definition of a <strong>~EUR 2bn</strong> total addressable market when including the wider spectrum of mechanical, electrical, automation, piping and project-related industrial services.</p><p>Nevertheless, this figure is based on a <em>much broader definition</em> of industrial services, since it encompasses mechanical and electrical installations, automation, piping, project-related work and a wide set of technical services that extend beyond traditional maintenance.</p><p>Viafin does not operate across all industrial service categories as its activities are concentrated in piping, mechanical maintenance and gas-related infrastructure, segments that typically represent around 25&#8211;30% of the wider industrial maintenance market. Applying this personal adjustment, we can calculate a<strong> more immediate TAM</strong> for the company, suggesting that the &#8220;core segment&#8221; TAM is approximately <strong>EUR 150&#8211;200m</strong> for Viafin&#8217;s primary service areas.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qbXt!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F597c1bd3-d6c8-4b12-bda8-ab26f8fcac83_1142x443.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qbXt!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F597c1bd3-d6c8-4b12-bda8-ab26f8fcac83_1142x443.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qbXt!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F597c1bd3-d6c8-4b12-bda8-ab26f8fcac83_1142x443.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qbXt!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F597c1bd3-d6c8-4b12-bda8-ab26f8fcac83_1142x443.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qbXt!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F597c1bd3-d6c8-4b12-bda8-ab26f8fcac83_1142x443.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qbXt!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F597c1bd3-d6c8-4b12-bda8-ab26f8fcac83_1142x443.png" width="1142" height="443" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/597c1bd3-d6c8-4b12-bda8-ab26f8fcac83_1142x443.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:443,&quot;width&quot;:1142,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qbXt!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F597c1bd3-d6c8-4b12-bda8-ab26f8fcac83_1142x443.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qbXt!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F597c1bd3-d6c8-4b12-bda8-ab26f8fcac83_1142x443.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qbXt!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F597c1bd3-d6c8-4b12-bda8-ab26f8fcac83_1142x443.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qbXt!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F597c1bd3-d6c8-4b12-bda8-ab26f8fcac83_1142x443.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Source: Viafin Website</p><p>The Finnish maintenance market is <strong>local, specialised and capacity-constrained</strong> with an estimated annual growth of 4% as shown in the above image.</p><p>The opportunity in Viafin is not built around rapid TAM expansion, but around <strong>entrenched competitive position, stable cash flows and the defensiveness of maintenance demand</strong>. </p><h3><strong>Relevant Megatrends Impacting the Sector</strong></h3><p>Beyond the question of market size and valuation multiples, Viafin&#8217;s strategic positioning within its sector provides an additional layer of strength.</p><p>To complement this defensiveness, the sector is being reshaped by several long-term megatrends that directly support Viafin&#8217;s positioning.</p><ul><li><p><strong>Energy transition &amp; decarbonisation.<br></strong>The shift toward cleaner energy (LNG, biogas, hydrogen, wind) increases the need for sophisticated piping solutions and specialised maintenance. Viafin is already active in LNG and biogas infrastructure and has expanded into wind turbine services, making it well placed to capture maintenance demand across emerging energy assets.</p></li><li><p><strong>Outsourcing of industrial maintenance.<br></strong>Industrial operators continue to outsource maintenance activities to specialised partners, particularly for high-risk, safety-critical assets such as high-pressure piping, gas networks and large rotating equipment. This structural shift reinforces Viafin&#8217;s recurring revenue model and strengthens customer retention.</p></li><li><p><strong>Digitalisation &amp; predictive maintenance.<br></strong>The adoption of condition monitoring, data-driven maintenance planning and digital productivity tools favours organised, professional service providers. Viafin&#8217;s scale, certifications and structured operating model give it an advantage over small independent workshops in meeting these evolving expectations.</p></li><li><p><strong>Safety, regulation and ESG. </strong></p><p>Increasing regulatory requirements in process industries and energy infrastructure elevate the importance of compliance, documentation and safety culture.  These regulatory requirements create substantial barriers to entry and limit the pool of qualified maintenance providers, Viafin&#8217;s strong track record and certified competencies position it as a preferred supplier in environments where regulatory scrutiny continues to rise.</p><p></p></li></ul><blockquote><h4><strong>Why the company matters in its sector</strong></h4></blockquote><p>We should emphasise that Viafin&#8217;s services support <strong>critical industrial assets</strong> including process pipelines, LNG and biogas facilities, components of the national gas transmission system and wind turbines&#8212;where operational failures carry significant economic, environmental and safety consequences for customers.<strong> The cost of maintenance in these environments is relatively marginal </strong>compared to the potential disruption and damage caused by unplanned downtime, highlighting the indispensable and non-discretionary role that Viafin plays in ensuring operational continuity for its customers.</p><p>In summary, Viafin&#8217;s relevance stems from its unique positioning: a recurring-revenue platform operating within a specialised, skill-intensive and defensible niche, supported by structural megatrends that reinforce long-term demand for its core capabilities.</p><h3><strong>Balticconnector &#8211; Sector Context</strong></h3><p>A part of all that we already explained,it is important to highlight that Finland&#8217;s energy landscape has changed materially since the interruption of Russian gas flows in 2022. The country now relies almost entirely on its domestic transmission network, LNG imports and the Balticconnector link to the Baltic and Central European system. Pipeline gas remains strategically important, as it provides steady baseload capacity and access to regional underground storage&#8212;both essential for security of supply. This diversification increases the strategic weight of Finland&#8217;s gas infrastructure and raises the need for intensive preventive maintenance, rigorous inspections and specialised accredited service partners capable of meeting strict regulatory standards.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MRUo!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc6f12b5-07a7-4d92-9065-1dd4caf024c5_596x844.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MRUo!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc6f12b5-07a7-4d92-9065-1dd4caf024c5_596x844.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MRUo!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc6f12b5-07a7-4d92-9065-1dd4caf024c5_596x844.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MRUo!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc6f12b5-07a7-4d92-9065-1dd4caf024c5_596x844.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MRUo!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc6f12b5-07a7-4d92-9065-1dd4caf024c5_596x844.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MRUo!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc6f12b5-07a7-4d92-9065-1dd4caf024c5_596x844.png" width="596" height="844" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/cc6f12b5-07a7-4d92-9065-1dd4caf024c5_596x844.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:844,&quot;width&quot;:596,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MRUo!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc6f12b5-07a7-4d92-9065-1dd4caf024c5_596x844.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MRUo!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc6f12b5-07a7-4d92-9065-1dd4caf024c5_596x844.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MRUo!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc6f12b5-07a7-4d92-9065-1dd4caf024c5_596x844.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MRUo!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc6f12b5-07a7-4d92-9065-1dd4caf024c5_596x844.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Source: www.baltic-course.com</p><p>Although Viafin does not work on Balticconnector directly, the Balticconnector forms part of the national gas transmission system operated by Gasgrid Finland, a state-owned client for whom Viafin provides accredited maintenance, inspection, calibration and technical services. The existence of cross-border, bi-directional gas infrastructure increases the technical complexity and safety requirements of the entire network, indirectly strengthening long-term demand for Viafin&#8217;s high-quality maintenance capabilities.</p><h2><strong>3. Key Financials</strong></h2><p>The business is <strong>structurally asset-light</strong>: annual capex on property, plant and equipment has been in the EUR ~0.5&#8211;1.4m range in recent years, a small fraction of EBITDA.</p><p>Dividend policy is shareholder-friendly: the Board proposed a dividend of EUR 0.65 per share for 2024 (EUR 0.55 for 2023), in line with the objective of paying a growing dividend.</p><h3><strong>Recent performance trends</strong></h3><ul><li><p><strong>Growth:</strong> Revenue grew strongly from 2021 to 2022 (+43%), driven by both maintenance and project business. 2023 saw a temporary revenue decline (-14%) due to lower project activity, while maintenance continued to grow. 2024 rebounded sharply (+21%), supported by organic growth, the wind maintenance acquisition and the OT Service acquisition.</p><p></p></li><li><p><strong>Margins:</strong> EBIT margins have been consistently in the 5&#8211;7% range. 2024 saw margin expansion to 6.3% despite integration activities, moving towards the company&#8217;s 8% EBIT target.</p></li><li><p><strong>Cash generation:</strong> Operating cash flow before financial items and taxes was EUR 4.5m in 2024 (EUR 6.6m in 2023), corresponding to a cash conversion of 60.5% vs 122.6% in 2023. The 2024 decline reflects working capital build following growth and acquisitions, rather than structural deterioration.</p></li><li><p><strong>Balance sheet:</strong> The company operates with <strong>net cash and high equity ratio</strong>, providing ample headroom for further bolt-on acquisitions and dividends. Lease liabilities and performance guarantees are manageable relative to EBITDA.</p></li></ul><p>Overall, Viafin combines <strong>steady mid-single-digit normalized growth</strong>, <strong>solid mid-single-digit EBIT margins</strong> and a <strong>conservative capital structure</strong>.</p><h3><strong>Main Competitors &amp; Positioning</strong></h3><p>Viafin operates in mature and relatively stable industrial service markets, serving large blue-chip industrial clients. The Finnish market includes both sizeable international service groups and numerous smaller regional contractors. Within industrial piping and mechanical maintenance, the competitive landscape remains fragmented.</p><p>The main competitors include <strong>Caverion</strong> and <strong>Quant</strong>,, alongside a wide range of smaller local or regional operators. The market is fragmented, however, few players capture a significant share of demand:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Caverion</strong> &#8211; Broad multi-technical provider focused on HVAC, electrical systems, building technology and general industrial services. Strong Nordic presence, but limited specialisation in complex process piping.</p></li><li><p><strong>Bravida</strong> &#8211; Large Nordic operator with emphasis on electrical and HVAC installations. Industrial process expertise is comparatively shallow.</p></li><li><p><strong>Enersense International</strong> &#8211; Active in energy, industrial and infrastructure projects. More exposed to project-driven revenues and cyclical investment activity.</p></li><li><p><strong>Quant</strong> &#8211; Global outsourced maintenance provider serving multinational industrial clients; broad competencies but less tied to local plant-level service models.</p></li></ul><p>Competition centres primarily on customer loyalty, service quality, reliability, breadth of offering, technical capability and delivery performance, rather than on pricing alone. Market dynamics are also influenced by resource availability, regional capacity and demand conditions.</p><p>These companies offer extensive service portfolios and, in some cases, international scale, nevertheless, their operating models and technical focus areas differ significantly from Viafin&#8217;s core operativity. Moreover, Viafin combines national reach with locally embedded service teams across Finland&#8217;s key industrial regions. This structure supports fast response times, operational continuity and strong client retention, these are advantages difficult for both large generalist groups and small regional firms to match.</p><h3><strong>Catalysts &amp; Market Expansion</strong></h3><p>Viafin has built a clear and consistent track record of acquisitions, strengthening its national coverage and expanding its technical capabilities across mechanical, piping, electrical and wind-related maintenance.</p><p>Key transactions include:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Astepa (2021)</strong> &#8211; now Viafin Industrial Service Kaakkois-Suomi, expanding regional maintenance capacity.</p></li><li><p><strong>Wind Group business (2023/24)</strong> &#8211; marking Viafin&#8217;s entry into wind turbine O&amp;M and supporting long-term positioning in energy-transition infrastructure.</p></li><li><p><strong>OT Service Oy (2024)</strong> &#8211; a mechanical maintenance and workshop provider in northern Finland, adding <strong>~EUR 11.7m of revenue and EUR 1.4m of EBITDA</strong> (2023 figures) and strengthening Viafin&#8217;s footprint in process industry maintenance.</p></li><li><p><strong>Bear Group Finland Oy &amp; Karhu Workteam Oy (2025)</strong> &#8211; the most recent and strategically significant additions. Both focus on industrial electrical maintenance (Bear also includes mechanical services). Following integration, Viafin&#8217;s electrical maintenance workforce has doubled from ~50 to <strong>over 100 specialised professionals</strong>.<br></p></li></ul><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ibxJ!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7613abff-5216-4ff4-a362-879de20cb47d_1135x643.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ibxJ!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7613abff-5216-4ff4-a362-879de20cb47d_1135x643.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ibxJ!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7613abff-5216-4ff4-a362-879de20cb47d_1135x643.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ibxJ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7613abff-5216-4ff4-a362-879de20cb47d_1135x643.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ibxJ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7613abff-5216-4ff4-a362-879de20cb47d_1135x643.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ibxJ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7613abff-5216-4ff4-a362-879de20cb47d_1135x643.png" width="728" height="412.4264317180617" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/7613abff-5216-4ff4-a362-879de20cb47d_1135x643.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:643,&quot;width&quot;:1135,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:728,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ibxJ!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7613abff-5216-4ff4-a362-879de20cb47d_1135x643.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ibxJ!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7613abff-5216-4ff4-a362-879de20cb47d_1135x643.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ibxJ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7613abff-5216-4ff4-a362-879de20cb47d_1135x643.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ibxJ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7613abff-5216-4ff4-a362-879de20cb47d_1135x643.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Source: Viafin 2025 Presentation Document</p><p></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.magnoinvestments.net/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading &#120288;&#120276;&#120282;&#120289;&#120290; &#120284;&#120289;&#120297;&#120280;&#120294;&#120295;&#120288;&#120280;&#120289;&#120295;&#120294; &#120241;&#120228;&#120242;&#120228;&#120224;&#120241;&#120226;&#120231;! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p></p><p>According to the new acquisitions and market overview, there are the three relevant catalysts for market expansion in 2025, based on what Viafin now prioritises operationally and where customer demand is structurally increasing:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Industrial Electrical Maintenance &#8212; </strong>Electrical systems are becoming increasingly central to Finnish industry due to automation, electrification and tighter safety requirements. With industrial sites relying on more complex electrical infrastructure, demand continues shifting toward certified maintenance partners rather than small, local workshops.</p><p></p></li><li><p><strong>Hydrogen &amp; Green-Gas Infrastructure &#8212; </strong>Finland and the EU are pushing forward with hydrogen, biogas and green-gas projects as part of the decarbonisation agenda. These assets operate under stringent regulatory frameworks&#8212;often stricter than natural-gas systems&#8212;which limits the number of qualified maintenance providers.</p><p></p></li><li><p><strong>Wind-Turbine Maintenance (O&amp;M) &#8212; </strong>Wind generation continues expanding rapidly in Finland. Turbine maintenance is non-discretionary, safety-critical and follows predictable service intervals&#8212;characteristics that align perfectly with Viafin&#8217;s maintenance-centric model.</p></li></ul><p>These are not simply new service lines, but areas where industrial demand, regulation and the energy transition are creating long-term expansion opportunities. Together, they extend Viafin&#8217;s addressable market beyond traditional piping and mechanical maintenance and help position the company where Finnish industry is actually moving.</p><h2><strong>4. Management &amp; Board</strong></h2><h3><strong>Executive team and experience</strong></h3><p>Heikki Pesu has served as CEO of Viafin Service since 2023, after previously sitting on the Board from 2018 and acting as Chairman between 2019 and 2023. He brings extensive sector experience from senior roles in Finland&#8217;s technical-services industry, including two years as CEO of Consti Talotekniikka and a decade as CEO of Are Group, one of the country&#8217;s largest building-technology and maintenance companies. His background provides strong operational expertise directly aligned with Viafin&#8217;s core activities. Pesu holds 37,540 shares in the company.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7J5W!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F41e17ff8-c57c-49aa-9338-cf16b424a3f7_200x255.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7J5W!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F41e17ff8-c57c-49aa-9338-cf16b424a3f7_200x255.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7J5W!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F41e17ff8-c57c-49aa-9338-cf16b424a3f7_200x255.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7J5W!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F41e17ff8-c57c-49aa-9338-cf16b424a3f7_200x255.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7J5W!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F41e17ff8-c57c-49aa-9338-cf16b424a3f7_200x255.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7J5W!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F41e17ff8-c57c-49aa-9338-cf16b424a3f7_200x255.png" width="200" height="255" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/41e17ff8-c57c-49aa-9338-cf16b424a3f7_200x255.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:255,&quot;width&quot;:200,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7J5W!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F41e17ff8-c57c-49aa-9338-cf16b424a3f7_200x255.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7J5W!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F41e17ff8-c57c-49aa-9338-cf16b424a3f7_200x255.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7J5W!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F41e17ff8-c57c-49aa-9338-cf16b424a3f7_200x255.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7J5W!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F41e17ff8-c57c-49aa-9338-cf16b424a3f7_200x255.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>Heikki Pesu &#8211; CEO</strong></p><h3><strong>Board composition and governance structure</strong></h3><p>The roles of Chair and CEO are separated, and the CEO is not a board member, which is positive from a governance standpoint.</p><p>The Board of Directors at the end of 2024 comprised four non-executive members:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Marko Sipola &#8211; Chairman</strong> : Marko Sipola has served as Chairman of Viafin Service since 2022 and has been a Board member since 2017. He previously held several senior roles within the company, including CEO from 2019 to 2023, giving him deep operational and strategic familiarity with Viafin.Sipola holds 2,100 shares in the company.<strong><br></strong></p></li><li><p><strong>Tuula Haataja,Ilkka Tykkyl&#228;inen , Sakari Toikkanen: </strong>Are members of the board.</p></li></ul><p>Viafin&#8217;s leadership is clearly aligned with shareholders. Senior executives and board members hold shares in the company, both directly and through management-owned vehicles, and their compensation is complemented by long-term share-based incentive schemes.A four-year share-based plan covered 2020&#8211;2023, and a new long-term incentive programme for 2024&#8211;2026 has been approved, with treasury shares explicitly reserved for management and board incentive schemes.</p><div class="pullquote"><p><strong>&#8220;Show me the incentive and I will show you the outcome.&#8221; &#8212; Warren Buffett</strong></p></div><p>Together, direct ownership and performance-linked equity remuneration <strong>create tangible &#8220;skin in the game&#8221; </strong>and reinforce management&#8217;s focus on sustainable value creation.</p><h2><strong>5. Company Valuation</strong></h2><p>As usual in order to assess the value of the analyzed company I do 3 different approaches: trading multiples, a simplified discounted cash-flow model, and a sensitivity analysis.</p><p>Together, these three methods provide a balanced view of the company&#8217;s worth.<strong>The goal is not to provide a precise target price, but to outline a reasonable valuation range grounded in the company&#8217;s fundamentals and reported financial performance.</strong></p><div class="pullquote"><p><em>Note that: (The following is a conceptual valuation framework based on public historical data. It is an illustrative excample and not an investment recommendation.)</em></p></div><h3><strong>Summary of valuation methods</strong></h3><p><strong>Multiple Valuation  Method</strong></p><p>At year-end 2024, Viafin&#8217;s share price was <strong>EUR 19.20</strong>, with approximately <strong>3.46 million shares</strong> outstanding (excluding treasury shares), implying a market capitalization of around <strong>EUR 66.4 million</strong>.</p><p>The company reported <strong>net cash of roughly EUR 10.1 million</strong> at the end of 2024 (cash and cash equivalents minus interest-bearing liabilities), resulting in an enterprise value (EV) of about <strong>EUR 56.3 million</strong>.</p><p>On 2024 reported figures:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Net profit attributable to shareholders:</strong> ~EUR 4.4m</p></li><li><p><strong>EPS (2024):</strong> ~EUR 1.26</p></li><li><p><strong>EBIT (2024):</strong> ~EUR 5.74m</p></li></ul><p>This translates into the following trading multiples at YE 2024:</p><ul><li><p><strong>P/E (2024):</strong> 19.20 / 1.26 &#8776; <strong>15.2x</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>EV/EBIT (2024):</strong> 56.3 / 5.74 &#8776; <strong>9.8x</strong></p></li></ul><blockquote></blockquote><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VbOS!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fde2f1f7e-65ad-4ea4-bcfc-3575c2d02e66_1600x494.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VbOS!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fde2f1f7e-65ad-4ea4-bcfc-3575c2d02e66_1600x494.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VbOS!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fde2f1f7e-65ad-4ea4-bcfc-3575c2d02e66_1600x494.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VbOS!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fde2f1f7e-65ad-4ea4-bcfc-3575c2d02e66_1600x494.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VbOS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fde2f1f7e-65ad-4ea4-bcfc-3575c2d02e66_1600x494.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VbOS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fde2f1f7e-65ad-4ea4-bcfc-3575c2d02e66_1600x494.png" width="727" height="224.69093406593407" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/de2f1f7e-65ad-4ea4-bcfc-3575c2d02e66_1600x494.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:450,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:727,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VbOS!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fde2f1f7e-65ad-4ea4-bcfc-3575c2d02e66_1600x494.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VbOS!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fde2f1f7e-65ad-4ea4-bcfc-3575c2d02e66_1600x494.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VbOS!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fde2f1f7e-65ad-4ea4-bcfc-3575c2d02e66_1600x494.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VbOS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fde2f1f7e-65ad-4ea4-bcfc-3575c2d02e66_1600x494.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Source: Self-made / Own creation</p><p>Based on 2024 reported figures (EPS &#8776; 1.26, EBIT &#8776; EUR 5.74m), Viafin trades at roughly <strong>15x earnings</strong> and <strong>~10x EV/EBIT</strong>. These levels are broadly in line with typical Finnish and European industrial maintenance peers, which usually trade in the mid-teens P/E and low- to mid-teens EV/EBIT.</p><p>Given its net cash position, high share of recurring maintenance revenues and stable margins, the current valuation appears <strong>close to fair value</strong>, with <strong>modest potential upside</strong> if the company continues to execute well on growth and margin targets.</p><div><hr></div><blockquote></blockquote><p><strong>DCF Valuation Method</strong></p><p>A disciplined, conservative DCF framework for Viafin can reasonably assume:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Revenue CAGR 2025&#8211;2029 of ~6&#8211;7%</strong>, below management&#8217;s long-term 10% growth ambition, to reflect cyclicality in project work and a cautious stance on organic growth.</p></li><li><p><strong>EBIT margin gradually improving</strong> from <strong>6.3% in 2024</strong> towards <strong>7.5&#8211;8.0% over 5 years</strong>, in line with management&#8217;s 8% EBIT margin target but allowing for execution risk and competitive pressure.</p></li><li><p><strong>Sustaining capex at 15&#8211;20% of EBITDA</strong>, broadly consistent with the low capital intensity seen historically.</p></li><li><p><strong>WACC in the 7.5&#8211;9.0% range</strong>, reflecting:<br></p><ul><li><p>Small-cap status,</p></li><li><p>Nordic domicile</p></li><li><p>Low financial leverage (net cash)</p></li><li><p>Some illiquidity and size premium.<br></p></li></ul></li><li><p><strong>Terminal growth rate around 2.0%</strong>, consistent with long-term nominal GDP growth in a mature European industrial context.</p></li></ul><blockquote></blockquote><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hisa!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb60d9c22-5590-42d5-a003-93e2a3047832_1225x592.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hisa!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb60d9c22-5590-42d5-a003-93e2a3047832_1225x592.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hisa!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb60d9c22-5590-42d5-a003-93e2a3047832_1225x592.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hisa!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb60d9c22-5590-42d5-a003-93e2a3047832_1225x592.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hisa!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb60d9c22-5590-42d5-a003-93e2a3047832_1225x592.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hisa!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb60d9c22-5590-42d5-a003-93e2a3047832_1225x592.png" width="727" height="351.3338775510204" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/b60d9c22-5590-42d5-a003-93e2a3047832_1225x592.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:592,&quot;width&quot;:1225,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:727,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hisa!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb60d9c22-5590-42d5-a003-93e2a3047832_1225x592.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hisa!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb60d9c22-5590-42d5-a003-93e2a3047832_1225x592.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hisa!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb60d9c22-5590-42d5-a003-93e2a3047832_1225x592.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hisa!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb60d9c22-5590-42d5-a003-93e2a3047832_1225x592.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Source: Self-made / Own creation</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WScd!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7e460835-8df3-4bb4-8df0-e1881617e91a_717x581.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WScd!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7e460835-8df3-4bb4-8df0-e1881617e91a_717x581.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WScd!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7e460835-8df3-4bb4-8df0-e1881617e91a_717x581.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WScd!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7e460835-8df3-4bb4-8df0-e1881617e91a_717x581.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WScd!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7e460835-8df3-4bb4-8df0-e1881617e91a_717x581.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WScd!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7e460835-8df3-4bb4-8df0-e1881617e91a_717x581.png" width="717" height="581" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/7e460835-8df3-4bb4-8df0-e1881617e91a_717x581.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:581,&quot;width&quot;:717,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WScd!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7e460835-8df3-4bb4-8df0-e1881617e91a_717x581.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WScd!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7e460835-8df3-4bb4-8df0-e1881617e91a_717x581.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WScd!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7e460835-8df3-4bb4-8df0-e1881617e91a_717x581.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WScd!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7e460835-8df3-4bb4-8df0-e1881617e91a_717x581.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Source: Self-made / Own creation</p><div><hr></div><p><strong>Exit Multiple Valuation Method (EBITDA Sensitivity Analysis)</strong></p><p>In this framework, the terminal value is derived by projecting EBITDA to 2029 and applying a range of exit multiples (7.0&#215;&#8211;9.0&#215;). The resulting terminal value is discounted back using different WACC assumptions (6.48%&#8211;7.98%), and combined with the present value of five years of projected free cash flows.</p><p>This approach highlights how the equity value is most sensitive to <strong>two variables</strong>:</p><ul><li><p><strong>The terminal EBITDA multiple</strong>, which captures how the market may value Viafin&#8217;s earnings power in 2029</p></li><li><p><strong>The discount rate (WACC)</strong>, reflecting shifts in capital costs, macro risk, and equity risk premia</p></li></ul><p>Under a reasonable base case (8&#215; EBITDA, ~7.5&#8211;7.9% WACC), the implied value per share clusters around <strong>&#8364;21&#8211;23</strong>, broadly consistent with a fair-value range for a stable, net-cash industrial services company. Higher multiples or a lower WACC naturally expand the valuation, while more conservative assumptions compress it toward the high-teens.</p><p>Overall, the exit-multiple analysis supports the view that Viafin&#8217;s intrinsic value sits moderately above the current market price, with upside contingent on sustained EBIT growth and stable capital costs.</p><blockquote></blockquote><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2FS7!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fccaef78c-e0d5-44cc-b41e-a4dc0388bc72_1078x558.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2FS7!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fccaef78c-e0d5-44cc-b41e-a4dc0388bc72_1078x558.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2FS7!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fccaef78c-e0d5-44cc-b41e-a4dc0388bc72_1078x558.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2FS7!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fccaef78c-e0d5-44cc-b41e-a4dc0388bc72_1078x558.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2FS7!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fccaef78c-e0d5-44cc-b41e-a4dc0388bc72_1078x558.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2FS7!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fccaef78c-e0d5-44cc-b41e-a4dc0388bc72_1078x558.png" width="1078" height="558" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/ccaef78c-e0d5-44cc-b41e-a4dc0388bc72_1078x558.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:558,&quot;width&quot;:1078,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2FS7!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fccaef78c-e0d5-44cc-b41e-a4dc0388bc72_1078x558.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2FS7!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fccaef78c-e0d5-44cc-b41e-a4dc0388bc72_1078x558.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2FS7!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fccaef78c-e0d5-44cc-b41e-a4dc0388bc72_1078x558.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2FS7!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fccaef78c-e0d5-44cc-b41e-a4dc0388bc72_1078x558.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Source: Self-made / Own creation</p><p><strong>FCF-Based Valuation (Perpetuity Growth Sensitivity Analysis)</strong></p><p>Finally we find again the FCF method in the second table in order to do a final check through a sensitive analysis which evaluates equity value based on discounted free cash flows and a terminal perpetuity model, varying:</p><ul><li><p><strong>WACC</strong> (6.48%&#8211;7.98%)</p></li><li><p><strong>perpetual growth rate (1.0%&#8211;3.0%)</strong></p></li></ul><p>This approach provides a complementary cross-check to the EBITDA multiple method. The results show:</p><ul><li><p>With a <strong>2.0% long-term growth rate</strong> and <strong>WACC of ~7.5%</strong>, the valuation centers around <strong>&#8364;21&#8211;22 per share</strong>.</p></li><li><p>A more conservative growth assumption (1&#8211;1.5%) pulls equity value closer to <strong>&#8364;16&#8211;19</strong>,</p></li><li><p>while stronger perpetual growth (2.5&#8211;3.0%) pushes the valuation toward <strong>&#8364;24&#8211;29</strong>, assuming unchanged WACC.</p></li></ul><p>Taken together, both sensitivity analyses converge on a coherent valuation range:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Base case fair value:</strong> ~&#8364;21&#8211;23 per share</p></li><li><p><strong>Upside scenario:</strong> &#8364;24&#8211;29 (lower WACC / higher terminal growth or exit multiple)</p></li><li><p><strong>Downside scenario:</strong> &#8364;16&#8211;19 (higher WACC / lower terminal growth)</p></li></ul><p>This supports the broader conclusion that Viafin is <strong>fairly valued to slightly undervalued</strong>.</p><div><hr></div><h2><strong>6. Risks &amp; Threats</strong></h2><h3><strong>Financial risks</strong></h3><ul><li><p><strong>Working capital volatility:</strong> Growth in projects and acquisitions can temporarily increase working capital, depressing cash conversion (as seen in 2024). If this becomes structural, free cash flow could lag EBITDA.</p><p></p></li><li><p><strong>Dividends and buybacks:</strong> A generous dividend policy and share buybacks, if combined with larger acquisitions, could reduce balance sheet headroom over time.</p></li></ul><h3><strong>Market and operational risks</strong></h3><ul><li><p><strong>Cyclicality of industrial activity:</strong> While maintenance is more resilient than new capex, severe downturns in pulp &amp; paper, metals or energy could lead to deferred maintenance and pricing pressure.<br></p></li><li><p><strong>Customer concentration:</strong> Large industrial clients may represent significant shares of revenue in certain regions or segments, increasing bargaining power and renewal risk.<br></p></li><li><p><strong>Project execution risk:</strong> Fixed-price projects and complex installations (e.g., LNG terminals, major shutdowns) carry risk of cost overruns and margin erosion if poorly scoped or executed.<br></p></li><li><p><strong>Labour availability and wage inflation:</strong> Skilled maintenance personnel are scarce; competition for talent and wage inflation could pressure margins if not offset by pricing and productivity gains.</p></li></ul><h3><strong>Regulatory and ESG risks</strong></h3><ul><li><p><strong>Health, safety &amp; environmental compliance:</strong> Working on high-pressure piping, gas infrastructure and wind turbines entails safety and environmental risks. A serious accident or compliance failure could lead to financial liabilities, reputational damage and tighter regulatory scrutiny.</p><p></p></li><li><p><strong>Energy &amp; climate policies:</strong> Changes in energy policy (e.g. gas vs electrification balance) could reshape demand in some segments, although Viafin&#8217;s diversification into wind and broader industrial maintenance mitigates single-vector risk.</p></li></ul><h2><strong>7. Conclusion &amp; Investment Perspective</strong></h2><p>Bringing everything together, Viafin stands out as a structurally resilient and strategically well-positioned player within the Nordic industrial services landscape. Its combination of recurring maintenance revenues, mission-critical customer relationships and disciplined capital allocation provides a strong foundation for long-term value creation.</p><p>Viafin Service represents a high-quality, niche industrial maintenance platform with:</p><ul><li><p>Strong positioning in critical process and gas infrastructure,</p></li><li><p>Predominantly recurring, non-discretionary maintenance revenues,</p></li><li><p>Solid mid-single-digit margins with credible upside potential,</p></li><li><p>Very conservative balance sheet and low capital-intensity profile</p></li><li><p>Clear strategy rooted in organic growth and targeted bolt-on M&amp;A.</p><p></p></li></ul><p>From an institutional investor&#8217;s perspective, Viafin fits naturally as:</p><ul><li><p>A defensive Nordic small-cap industrial compounder,</p></li><li><p>ESG-aligned enabler of energy-transition and infrastructure reliability, and</p></li><li><p> Potential consolidation platform in a fragmented Finnish/Nordic maintenance market.</p></li></ul><p></p><p>If you found this analysis helpful, feel free to share it or leave a comment.</p><p>Your feedback genuinely helps us refine and improve future work.<strong>&#128515;&#11015;&#65039;</strong></p><p>May the investment be with you.<strong>&#128084;&#9749;&#128188;</strong></p><p>For inquiries or collaboration, you can reach us at</p><p>info@magnoinvestments.net</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.magnoinvestments.net/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.magnoinvestments.net/subscribe?"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.magnoinvestments.net/p/investment-thesis-viafin-service?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.magnoinvestments.net/p/investment-thesis-viafin-service?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><p></p><p> <strong>Magno Investments Research</strong></p><p><strong>&#128276; IMPORTANT REMINDER &#128276;</strong></p><p><strong>If you can&#8217;t find the newsletter, please check your SPAM BOX. And mark this address as &#8216;not spam&#8217;. If it is not in your spam folder either, you should have a look in the PROMOTIONS tab.</strong></p><p>&#9888;&#65039;<strong> DISCLAIMER | LEGAL ADVICE</strong>&#9888;&#65039;</p><p>Magno investments does not represent a financial advisory service or investment service. All information provided and given by Magno Investments is of an educational and informative nature and in no case implies any kind of recommendation to buy or sell any securities. Carlos Chaume and Magno Investments Research are not responsible for the use made of this information or the veracity of its sources. Before investing in a real account, it is necessary to have the appropriate training or otherwise delegate this task to a professional duly authorized to do so.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[TESIS DE INVERSIÓN | FASADGRUPPEN (FG)]]></title><description><![CDATA[FASADGRUPPEN: El negocio N&#243;rdico de construcci&#243;n ecol&#243;gica RESUMEN Los pa&#237;ses n&#243;rdicos tienen una amplia pol&#237;tica p&#250;blica de bienestar. Las industrias de construcci&#243;n e instalaci&#243;n reciben millones al a&#241;o del sector p&#250;blico para mantener y construir infraestructuras p&#250;blicas (Ingresos constantes).]]></description><link>https://www.magnoinvestments.net/p/fasadgruppen-el-negocio-nordico-de</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.magnoinvestments.net/p/fasadgruppen-el-negocio-nordico-de</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[𝐌𝐀𝐆𝐍𝐎 𝐈𝐍𝐕𝐄𝐒𝐓𝐌𝐄𝐍𝐓𝐒 RESEARCH]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 28 Apr 2024 17:34:08 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c1799fc6-d7a2-4ea9-936d-e3b5ac339793_560x315.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XOws!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F849d45ef-b1b1-4495-8289-9c14ca8e75c3_455x151.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XOws!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F849d45ef-b1b1-4495-8289-9c14ca8e75c3_455x151.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XOws!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F849d45ef-b1b1-4495-8289-9c14ca8e75c3_455x151.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XOws!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F849d45ef-b1b1-4495-8289-9c14ca8e75c3_455x151.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XOws!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F849d45ef-b1b1-4495-8289-9c14ca8e75c3_455x151.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XOws!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F849d45ef-b1b1-4495-8289-9c14ca8e75c3_455x151.png" width="455" height="151" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/849d45ef-b1b1-4495-8289-9c14ca8e75c3_455x151.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:151,&quot;width&quot;:455,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XOws!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F849d45ef-b1b1-4495-8289-9c14ca8e75c3_455x151.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XOws!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F849d45ef-b1b1-4495-8289-9c14ca8e75c3_455x151.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XOws!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F849d45ef-b1b1-4495-8289-9c14ca8e75c3_455x151.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XOws!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F849d45ef-b1b1-4495-8289-9c14ca8e75c3_455x151.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><h4><strong>FASADGRUPPEN: El negocio N&#243;rdico de construcci&#243;n ecol&#243;gica</strong></h4><div id="youtube2-7ypnOAkzjq0" class="youtube-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;videoId&quot;:&quot;7ypnOAkzjq0&quot;,&quot;startTime&quot;:null,&quot;endTime&quot;:null}" data-component-name="Youtube2ToDOM"><div class="youtube-inner"><iframe src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/7ypnOAkzjq0?rel=0&amp;autoplay=0&amp;showinfo=0&amp;enablejsapi=0" frameborder="0" loading="lazy" gesture="media" allow="autoplay; fullscreen" allowautoplay="true" allowfullscreen="true" width="728" height="409"></iframe></div></div><h4><strong>RESUMEN</strong></h4><ul><li><p>Los pa&#237;ses n&#243;rdicos tienen una amplia pol&#237;tica p&#250;blica de bienestar. Las industrias de construcci&#243;n e instalaci&#243;n reciben millones al a&#241;o del sector p&#250;blico para mantener y construir infraestructuras p&#250;blicas (Ingresos constantes).</p></li></ul><ul><li><p>Fasadgruppen es una small-cap que opera como proveedor de servicios de fachadas con un potencial de crecimiento muy fuerte debido a la fragmentaci&#243;n del sector (Roll-Up/Compounder).</p></li></ul><ul><li><p>El sector tiene un fuerte viento de cola debido a las medidas de eficiencia energ&#233;tica en los hogares adoptadas en 2023 por la Uni&#243;n Europea</p><p>(Catalizador).</p></li></ul><ul><li><p>Actualmente la empresa cotiza solo a 11x PER mientras que en los &#250;ltimos 3 a&#241;os tuvo un crecimiento compuesto anualizado del 38% (Alto Crecimiento).</p></li></ul><h3><strong>DESCRIPCI&#211;N DE LA EMPRESA</strong></h3><p>Fasadgruppen Group AB (publ) (STO: FG). Es una empresa de construcci&#243;n e ingenier&#237;a que opera como proveedor de servicios de fachada en Suecia, Dinamarca, Noruega y Finlandia. La empresa ofrece servicios de enlucido y alba&#241;iler&#237;a, y tambi&#233;n se especializa en<strong> soluciones energ&#233;ticamente inteligentes para el hogar.</strong></p><p>Fue fundada mediante la fusi&#243;n de STARK Fasadrenovering y AB Karlssons Fasadrenovering en 2016, aunque estas empresas tienen una larga tradici&#243;n y reputaci&#243;n en el sector y exist&#237;an ya en 1963 y 1970 respectivamente. Sali&#243; a bolsa y cotiz&#243; en el Nasdaq de Estocolmo el 24 de noviembre de 2020.</p><p>A finales de 2023, el grupo estaba formado por 53 empresas repartidas en Suecia, Noruega, Dinamarca y Finlandia y contaba con 2069 empleados.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HSF9!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1c94fc91-408d-477a-aabd-b45d0b5aafe2_833x550.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HSF9!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1c94fc91-408d-477a-aabd-b45d0b5aafe2_833x550.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HSF9!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1c94fc91-408d-477a-aabd-b45d0b5aafe2_833x550.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HSF9!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1c94fc91-408d-477a-aabd-b45d0b5aafe2_833x550.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HSF9!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1c94fc91-408d-477a-aabd-b45d0b5aafe2_833x550.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HSF9!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1c94fc91-408d-477a-aabd-b45d0b5aafe2_833x550.png" width="833" height="550" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/1c94fc91-408d-477a-aabd-b45d0b5aafe2_833x550.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:550,&quot;width&quot;:833,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HSF9!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1c94fc91-408d-477a-aabd-b45d0b5aafe2_833x550.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HSF9!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1c94fc91-408d-477a-aabd-b45d0b5aafe2_833x550.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HSF9!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1c94fc91-408d-477a-aabd-b45d0b5aafe2_833x550.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HSF9!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1c94fc91-408d-477a-aabd-b45d0b5aafe2_833x550.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>TOTAL ADDRESSABLE MARKET ( TAM )&nbsp;</strong></p><p>Se espera que el mercado de fachadas en Europa crezca de 46,25 mil millones de d&#243;lares en 2021 a 62,78 mil millones de d&#243;lares en 2028; Se estima que crecer&#225; a una tasa compuesta anual del 4,5% de 2021 a 2028.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nrr6!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F346cfaf3-50ce-44c4-b19a-22a01658859f_496x304.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nrr6!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F346cfaf3-50ce-44c4-b19a-22a01658859f_496x304.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nrr6!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F346cfaf3-50ce-44c4-b19a-22a01658859f_496x304.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nrr6!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F346cfaf3-50ce-44c4-b19a-22a01658859f_496x304.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nrr6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F346cfaf3-50ce-44c4-b19a-22a01658859f_496x304.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nrr6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F346cfaf3-50ce-44c4-b19a-22a01658859f_496x304.png" width="496" height="304" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/346cfaf3-50ce-44c4-b19a-22a01658859f_496x304.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:304,&quot;width&quot;:496,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nrr6!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F346cfaf3-50ce-44c4-b19a-22a01658859f_496x304.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nrr6!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F346cfaf3-50ce-44c4-b19a-22a01658859f_496x304.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nrr6!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F346cfaf3-50ce-44c4-b19a-22a01658859f_496x304.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nrr6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F346cfaf3-50ce-44c4-b19a-22a01658859f_496x304.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: <a href="https://www.businessmarketinsights.com/reports/europe-facade-market">businessmarketinsights</a></p><p>Fadsagruppen estima que el <strong>mercado de fachadas</strong> factura aproximadamente 97 mil millones de coronas al a&#241;o. El mercado sueco se estima en aproximadamente 37 mil millones de coronas suecas, el mercado noruego en 31 mil millones de coronas suecas y el mercado dan&#233;s en aproximadamente 29 mil millones de coronas suecas en las regiones metropolitanas.&nbsp;</p><p>El mercado de fachadas se puede dividir, a grandes rasgos, en mamposter&#237;a y yeso, ventanas, balcones, tejados y chapas, as&#237; como andamios. Los mercados subyacentes consisten en rehabilitaci&#243;n y construcci&#243;n.</p><p><strong>Fasadgruppen se centra principalmente en el mercado de la renovaci&#243;n y aproximadamente el 75 % de las ventas en 2023 consistieron en renovaci&#243;n de propiedades residenciales y comerciales</strong>.</p><p>Durante los &#250;ltimos 15 a&#241;os, la tasa de crecimiento anual promedio en el mercado de la renovaci&#243;n en Europa fue de alrededor del 2,5 %. El mercado de nueva construcci&#243;n es m&#225;s vol&#225;til, pero ha disfrutado de una tasa de crecimiento anual ligeramente superior, de alrededor del 2,8%. La mayor volatilidad se debe a una conexi&#243;n m&#225;s fuerte con los ciclos econ&#243;micos donde factores macroecon&#243;micos como el crecimiento del PIB y las tasas de inter&#233;s afectan los precios de las propiedades y las vacantes, lo que a su vez afecta al mercado de la construcci&#243;n.</p><p>El mercado de fachadas est&#225; impulsado por una necesidad subyacente de renovar propiedades tanto residenciales como comerciales. En el caso de la obra nueva, los trabajos de fachada tambi&#233;n representan una actividad crucial y especializada que las empresas constructoras subcontratan en gran medida. Adem&#225;s de la necesidad subyacente de realizar trabajos de fachada, tambi&#233;n se considera que la tendencia hacia soluciones de fachada m&#225;s eficientes energ&#233;ticamente puede impulsar un mayor crecimiento del mercado.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hw2a!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda8bb5ba-1e44-4b1b-9a4c-52585a02e0a6_528x326.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hw2a!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda8bb5ba-1e44-4b1b-9a4c-52585a02e0a6_528x326.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hw2a!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda8bb5ba-1e44-4b1b-9a4c-52585a02e0a6_528x326.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hw2a!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda8bb5ba-1e44-4b1b-9a4c-52585a02e0a6_528x326.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hw2a!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda8bb5ba-1e44-4b1b-9a4c-52585a02e0a6_528x326.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hw2a!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda8bb5ba-1e44-4b1b-9a4c-52585a02e0a6_528x326.png" width="528" height="326" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/da8bb5ba-1e44-4b1b-9a4c-52585a02e0a6_528x326.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:326,&quot;width&quot;:528,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hw2a!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda8bb5ba-1e44-4b1b-9a4c-52585a02e0a6_528x326.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hw2a!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda8bb5ba-1e44-4b1b-9a4c-52585a02e0a6_528x326.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hw2a!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda8bb5ba-1e44-4b1b-9a4c-52585a02e0a6_528x326.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hw2a!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda8bb5ba-1e44-4b1b-9a4c-52585a02e0a6_528x326.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente:&nbsp; Fasadgruppen Annual Report 2023 (Euroconstruct 2022)</p><p><strong>AN&#193;LISIS SECTORIAL</strong></p><p><strong>En los a&#241;os 1965 a 1974 se construyeron en Suecia m&#225;s de un mill&#243;n de viviendas, es decir, aproximadamente 100.000 viviendas al a&#241;o</strong>. Esta fue una &#233;poca en la construcci&#243;n de viviendas en Suecia que generalmente se conoce como el programa del mill&#243;n de d&#243;lares. El prop&#243;sito del programa de un mill&#243;n de d&#243;lares era eliminar la gran escasez de viviendas con viviendas modernas asequibles. <strong>Todo tipo de casas deb&#237;an construirse de forma estandarizada y racional.</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>Tipos de viviendas (acceso)</strong></p></li></ul><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zGHT!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3e8cb3d7-07a0-49f7-9f9b-6fd6a2615360_550x318.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zGHT!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3e8cb3d7-07a0-49f7-9f9b-6fd6a2615360_550x318.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zGHT!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3e8cb3d7-07a0-49f7-9f9b-6fd6a2615360_550x318.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zGHT!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3e8cb3d7-07a0-49f7-9f9b-6fd6a2615360_550x318.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zGHT!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3e8cb3d7-07a0-49f7-9f9b-6fd6a2615360_550x318.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zGHT!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3e8cb3d7-07a0-49f7-9f9b-6fd6a2615360_550x318.png" width="550" height="318" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3e8cb3d7-07a0-49f7-9f9b-6fd6a2615360_550x318.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:318,&quot;width&quot;:550,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zGHT!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3e8cb3d7-07a0-49f7-9f9b-6fd6a2615360_550x318.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zGHT!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3e8cb3d7-07a0-49f7-9f9b-6fd6a2615360_550x318.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zGHT!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3e8cb3d7-07a0-49f7-9f9b-6fd6a2615360_550x318.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zGHT!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3e8cb3d7-07a0-49f7-9f9b-6fd6a2615360_550x318.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: <a href="http://www.mdpi.com">www.mdpi.com</a></p><p>A finales de los a&#241;os 80 podemos observar c&#243;mo aument&#243; la proporci&#243;n de edificios de bloques de hormig&#243;n y edificios con acceso a balcones, lo que beneficia a la empresa.</p><p><strong>Muchos de estos edificios tienen una gran necesidad de mejoras t&#233;cnicas y de eficiencia energ&#233;tica para evitar llegar al final de su vida &#250;til t&#233;cnica. Esto incluye la renovaci&#243;n de ventanas, tejados, balcones y fachadas. Varias de las filiales de Fasadgruppen est&#225;n trabajando actualmente en este tipo de reformas</strong>.</p><ul><li><p><strong>Tipos de viviendas (material)</strong></p></li></ul><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HlW2!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fefc5af8b-8a17-45cc-9ea1-2c025c7fc268_550x347.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HlW2!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fefc5af8b-8a17-45cc-9ea1-2c025c7fc268_550x347.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HlW2!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fefc5af8b-8a17-45cc-9ea1-2c025c7fc268_550x347.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HlW2!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fefc5af8b-8a17-45cc-9ea1-2c025c7fc268_550x347.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HlW2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fefc5af8b-8a17-45cc-9ea1-2c025c7fc268_550x347.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HlW2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fefc5af8b-8a17-45cc-9ea1-2c025c7fc268_550x347.png" width="550" height="347" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/efc5af8b-8a17-45cc-9ea1-2c025c7fc268_550x347.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:347,&quot;width&quot;:550,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HlW2!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fefc5af8b-8a17-45cc-9ea1-2c025c7fc268_550x347.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HlW2!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fefc5af8b-8a17-45cc-9ea1-2c025c7fc268_550x347.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HlW2!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fefc5af8b-8a17-45cc-9ea1-2c025c7fc268_550x347.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HlW2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fefc5af8b-8a17-45cc-9ea1-2c025c7fc268_550x347.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: <a href="http://www.mdpi.com">www.mdpi.com</a></p><p><strong>A principios de la d&#233;cada de 1960, los edificios residenciales se dise&#241;aron casi exclusivamente con fachadas enlucidas (render) o con fachadas de ladrillos de arcilla (clay brick)</strong>. El uso de fachadas enlucidas se redujo a finales de la d&#233;cada de 1960, y las fachadas de hormig&#243;n se utilizaron con bastante frecuencia durante este per&#237;odo. Durante todo el periodo analizado las fachadas de adobe fueron las m&#225;s utilizadas y las viviendas con cr&#233;dito estatal a partir de 1972 cuando se utiliz&#243; un poco m&#225;s el hormig&#243;n.</p><ul><li><p>Tanto la &#233;poca en la que fueron construidas como el material utilizado para la construcci&#243;n de estas viviendas son claramente beneficiosos para la empresa ya que, actualmente, ya tienen que ser reformadas y requieren un mantenimiento para adaptarse a la normativa estatal en materia de seguridad y medio ambiente.&nbsp;</p></li></ul><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X8hv!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff00ddad-6fdd-406a-ab10-9755b8bfa45c_905x432.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X8hv!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff00ddad-6fdd-406a-ab10-9755b8bfa45c_905x432.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X8hv!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff00ddad-6fdd-406a-ab10-9755b8bfa45c_905x432.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X8hv!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff00ddad-6fdd-406a-ab10-9755b8bfa45c_905x432.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X8hv!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff00ddad-6fdd-406a-ab10-9755b8bfa45c_905x432.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X8hv!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff00ddad-6fdd-406a-ab10-9755b8bfa45c_905x432.jpeg" width="905" height="432" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/ff00ddad-6fdd-406a-ab10-9755b8bfa45c_905x432.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:432,&quot;width&quot;:905,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X8hv!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff00ddad-6fdd-406a-ab10-9755b8bfa45c_905x432.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X8hv!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff00ddad-6fdd-406a-ab10-9755b8bfa45c_905x432.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X8hv!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff00ddad-6fdd-406a-ab10-9755b8bfa45c_905x432.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X8hv!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff00ddad-6fdd-406a-ab10-9755b8bfa45c_905x432.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: Fasadgruppen IPO-Prospectus</p><p>El trabajo de fachadas es una competencia especializada y est&#225; impulsado por las necesidades de renovaci&#243;n subyacentes tanto en propiedades residenciales como comerciales.</p><p><strong>Se trata de un trabajo muy artesanal, que en gran medida las empresas constructoras subcontratan. Representa un peque&#241;o porcentaje del coste en relaci&#243;n a la construcci&#243;n del inmueble, pero es un elemento cr&#237;tico, no s&#243;lo por la necesidad de que la fachada del inmueble o inmueble tenga un acabado est&#233;tico, sino tambi&#233;n por el inter&#233;s general</strong>. Hay que pensar en las inclemencias del tiempo y el clima propio de las regiones n&#243;rdicas. El deterioro que puede provenir de una mala construcci&#243;n o la falta de mantenimiento puede provocar accidentes (viento, nieve, lluvia, hielo, etc.).</p><p>El grupo de fachadas se centra en el segmento del mercado medio, que incluye proyectos con valores de contrato entre 1 y 100 millones de coronas suecas. En estos proyectos son importantes las referencias, la relaci&#243;n con los clientes, la presencia local, los plazos de entrega cortos y los precios competitivos.</p><p>El mercado de fachadas est&#225; formado tanto por clientes de la construcci&#243;n como de la renovaci&#243;n. Trabajan en todo tipo de encargos, grandes y peque&#241;os, para propietarios, promotores, administradores de fincas, empresas inmobiliarias, arrendadores, asesores, asociaciones de vecinos, estados, municipios, diputaciones comarcales y particulares.</p><p>En general,<strong> el mercado de fachadas est&#225; muy fragmentado </strong>y comprende esencialmente un gran n&#250;mero de peque&#241;as empresas que operan en un mercado local dentro de un &#225;rea de servicio espec&#237;fica (paredes, yeso, ventanas, balcones, tejados y l&#225;minas o andamios). Gracias a la fragmentaci&#243;n, las empresas m&#225;s grandes tienen la oportunidad de consolidar el mercado mediante la adquisici&#243;n de empresas especializadas en nichos y &#225;reas geogr&#225;ficas.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.magnoinvestments.net/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading Carlos Chaume! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p></p><p><strong>MODELO DE NEGOCIO</strong></p><p><strong>La empresa sigue el modelo roll-up</strong>, siendo claramente una empresa compounder. Fasadgruppen adquiere peque&#241;as empresas y operadores locales de una regi&#243;n espec&#237;fica a precios atractivos, mantiene el director general, las convierte en filiales y siguen funcionando de forma independiente pero bajo el control de la empresa principal (Fasadgruppen).</p><p>Fasadgruppen les gestiona y les proporciona el conocimiento y el apoyo que necesitan para ser m&#225;s eficaces y eficientes, lo que reduce sus costes.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!U8rs!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0c105288-79e2-48dd-806a-e5040a0acf2e_757x546.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!U8rs!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0c105288-79e2-48dd-806a-e5040a0acf2e_757x546.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!U8rs!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0c105288-79e2-48dd-806a-e5040a0acf2e_757x546.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!U8rs!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0c105288-79e2-48dd-806a-e5040a0acf2e_757x546.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!U8rs!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0c105288-79e2-48dd-806a-e5040a0acf2e_757x546.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!U8rs!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0c105288-79e2-48dd-806a-e5040a0acf2e_757x546.png" width="757" height="546" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/0c105288-79e2-48dd-806a-e5040a0acf2e_757x546.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:546,&quot;width&quot;:757,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!U8rs!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0c105288-79e2-48dd-806a-e5040a0acf2e_757x546.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!U8rs!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0c105288-79e2-48dd-806a-e5040a0acf2e_757x546.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!U8rs!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0c105288-79e2-48dd-806a-e5040a0acf2e_757x546.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!U8rs!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0c105288-79e2-48dd-806a-e5040a0acf2e_757x546.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: Fasadgruppen Annual Report 2023</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9Plg!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F78663819-fe82-4220-a09d-b22a607f0205_816x787.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9Plg!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F78663819-fe82-4220-a09d-b22a607f0205_816x787.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9Plg!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F78663819-fe82-4220-a09d-b22a607f0205_816x787.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9Plg!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F78663819-fe82-4220-a09d-b22a607f0205_816x787.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9Plg!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F78663819-fe82-4220-a09d-b22a607f0205_816x787.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9Plg!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F78663819-fe82-4220-a09d-b22a607f0205_816x787.png" width="816" height="787" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/78663819-fe82-4220-a09d-b22a607f0205_816x787.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:787,&quot;width&quot;:816,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9Plg!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F78663819-fe82-4220-a09d-b22a607f0205_816x787.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9Plg!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F78663819-fe82-4220-a09d-b22a607f0205_816x787.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9Plg!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F78663819-fe82-4220-a09d-b22a607f0205_816x787.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9Plg!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F78663819-fe82-4220-a09d-b22a607f0205_816x787.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: Fasadgruppen Annual Report 2023</p><p><strong>Estos acuerdos suponen un &#8220;Win-to-Win&#8221;</strong> para ambas partes ya que por un lado Fasadgruppen integra nuevas empresas mientras los antiguos propietarios siguen operando y monetizando la empresa seg&#250;n su filosof&#237;a, valores y marca personal. Esta &#250;ltima caracter&#237;stica es fundamental porque en ocasiones se trata de empresas familiares con muchos a&#241;os y generaciones de historia que no aceptan/no aceptar&#237;an un cambio de esta naturaleza y magnitud. Son empresas con fuerte arraigo local y amplia experiencia en el sector, por lo que aportan a Fasadgruppen una base de clientes s&#243;lida y fidelizada.</p><p>El modelo de negocio (roll-up) de Fasadgruppen se basa en una estructura descentralizada que ofrece soluciones multidisciplinares y especializadas, al permitir la colaboraci&#243;n entre filiales (empresas adquiridas) para lograr econom&#237;as de escala y efectos de sinergia entre ellas.</p><p><strong>( VENTAJAS COMPETITIVAS) El modelo roll-up les permite:</strong></p><p><strong>1. Venta cruzada:</strong> Las empresas del grupo tienen la capacidad y posibilidad de participar en proyectos multidisciplinares y de venta cruzada.</p><p>Un ejemplo de estas ventas cruzadas se da cuando un cliente viene demandando un determinado servicio. Por ejemplo: (Demanda de servicios de restauraci&#243;n por da&#241;os en fachada, que resulta en la integraci&#243;n de un servicio complementario como es el techado, que en primera instancia no fue demandado o no fue posible realizar por la empresa en cuesti&#243;n, lo que permite a las empresas comunicarse entre s&#237; para ofrecer servicios complementarios y proporcionar soluciones adicionales creando valor.</p><p><strong>2. Sinergia de ingresos:</strong> En el caso de que un cliente acuda a una de las empresas del grupo y no pueda prestar el servicio en cuesti&#243;n, contacta inmediatamente con la filial, que le proporciona dicho material desde otra empresa del grupo ( piezas, repuestos, personal). <strong>Es muy similar a la venta cruzada aunque se trata m&#225;s de una mejora en la cadena de suministro del negocio al que acude el propio cliente</strong>, que de ofrecer un servicio complementario por parte de otra empresa del grupo (eficiencia de recursos).</p><p>En este caso concreto, sin la posibilidad de cooperar con las dem&#225;s empresas del grupo, la filial no habr&#237;a podido prestar el servicio al cliente, ya que no habr&#237;a obtenido a tiempo la ayuda necesaria.</p><p><strong>3. Econom&#237;a de escala</strong>: Se traduce en realizar pedidos m&#225;s baratos, ya que ahora tienen mayor capacidad de negociaci&#243;n, y pueden obtener repuestos, y materias primas a un menor coste (rebaja por volumen de compras, rebaja por pronto pago..etc).&nbsp;</p><p>Esta sinergia de costos se logra mediante la negociaci&#243;n centralizada de contratos de bienes, materiales y cobertura de seguros.</p><p>A medida que se vuelven m&#225;s grandes y m&#225;s capaces, pueden comprar materias primas m&#225;s baratas y obtener un mayor poder de negociaci&#243;n.</p><p>Fasadgruppen estima que ha completado las adquisiciones a un m&#250;ltiplo promedio ponderado por volumen (basado en los doce meses anteriores a cada adquisici&#243;n) por debajo de 4xEV/EBITDA y que con sinergias estima que el m&#250;ltiplo EV/EBITDA promedio ponderado por volumen ha sido hist&#243;ricamente aproximadamente 3x Ev/EBITDA.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3Ioc!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F55c16156-3ad0-42fb-907e-ec51db62fbaf_955x411.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3Ioc!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F55c16156-3ad0-42fb-907e-ec51db62fbaf_955x411.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3Ioc!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F55c16156-3ad0-42fb-907e-ec51db62fbaf_955x411.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3Ioc!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F55c16156-3ad0-42fb-907e-ec51db62fbaf_955x411.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3Ioc!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F55c16156-3ad0-42fb-907e-ec51db62fbaf_955x411.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3Ioc!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F55c16156-3ad0-42fb-907e-ec51db62fbaf_955x411.png" width="955" height="411" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/55c16156-3ad0-42fb-907e-ec51db62fbaf_955x411.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:411,&quot;width&quot;:955,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3Ioc!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F55c16156-3ad0-42fb-907e-ec51db62fbaf_955x411.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3Ioc!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F55c16156-3ad0-42fb-907e-ec51db62fbaf_955x411.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3Ioc!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F55c16156-3ad0-42fb-907e-ec51db62fbaf_955x411.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3Ioc!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F55c16156-3ad0-42fb-907e-ec51db62fbaf_955x411.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: Fasadgruppen Annual Report 2023</p><p>Su modelo de negocio basado en las adquisiciones son una parte central de la estrategia de crecimiento rentable del negocio. A trav&#233;s de ellos, el grupo se expande geogr&#225;ficamente, ampl&#237;a su oferta y logra econom&#237;as de escala dentro de las empresas existentes.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hxxZ!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9448882b-b323-4f1c-a7a8-a7a831a87e64_835x750.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hxxZ!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9448882b-b323-4f1c-a7a8-a7a831a87e64_835x750.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hxxZ!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9448882b-b323-4f1c-a7a8-a7a831a87e64_835x750.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hxxZ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9448882b-b323-4f1c-a7a8-a7a831a87e64_835x750.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hxxZ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9448882b-b323-4f1c-a7a8-a7a831a87e64_835x750.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hxxZ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9448882b-b323-4f1c-a7a8-a7a831a87e64_835x750.png" width="835" height="750" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/9448882b-b323-4f1c-a7a8-a7a831a87e64_835x750.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:750,&quot;width&quot;:835,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hxxZ!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9448882b-b323-4f1c-a7a8-a7a831a87e64_835x750.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hxxZ!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9448882b-b323-4f1c-a7a8-a7a831a87e64_835x750.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hxxZ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9448882b-b323-4f1c-a7a8-a7a831a87e64_835x750.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hxxZ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9448882b-b323-4f1c-a7a8-a7a831a87e64_835x750.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: Fasadgruppen Annual Report 2023</p><p>Estas son las empresas que forman el grupo, todas ellas relacionadas con la construcci&#243;n, mantenimiento e instalaci&#243;n de fachadas, balcones, cubiertas, etc.</p><h3><strong>DIRECTIVA&nbsp;</strong></h3><p>Esta historia de &#233;xito y adquisiciones no habr&#237;a sido posible sin una buena gesti&#243;n. P&#229;l Warolin fue hasta este a&#241;o director general de la empresa.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jBxv!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5ed98ff1-2129-4ec8-a9f0-d75279eaf606_300x300.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jBxv!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5ed98ff1-2129-4ec8-a9f0-d75279eaf606_300x300.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jBxv!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5ed98ff1-2129-4ec8-a9f0-d75279eaf606_300x300.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jBxv!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5ed98ff1-2129-4ec8-a9f0-d75279eaf606_300x300.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jBxv!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5ed98ff1-2129-4ec8-a9f0-d75279eaf606_300x300.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jBxv!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5ed98ff1-2129-4ec8-a9f0-d75279eaf606_300x300.png" width="300" height="300" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/5ed98ff1-2129-4ec8-a9f0-d75279eaf606_300x300.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:300,&quot;width&quot;:300,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jBxv!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5ed98ff1-2129-4ec8-a9f0-d75279eaf606_300x300.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jBxv!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5ed98ff1-2129-4ec8-a9f0-d75279eaf606_300x300.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jBxv!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5ed98ff1-2129-4ec8-a9f0-d75279eaf606_300x300.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jBxv!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5ed98ff1-2129-4ec8-a9f0-d75279eaf606_300x300.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h5><strong>MARTIN JACOBSSON (CEO)</strong></h5><p>P&#229;l Waroli fue sustituido por el Sr. Martin Jacodsson, actual director general, del que podemos destacar:</p><p>Anteriormente trabaj&#243; como analista burs&#225;til en Handelsbanken Capital Markets.</p><p>Experiencia: <strong>Entre 2019-2023, Martin fue vicepresidente y jefe de adquisiciones en Fasadgruppen. </strong>Haber sido jefe de adquisiciones nos da una idea y una gran seguridad de la experiencia y el conocimiento interno del negocio del Sr. Jacobsson, as&#237; como una certeza del desarrollo futuro de la empresa.</p><p>El consejo de administraci&#243;n de Fasadgruppen decidi&#243; en noviembre de 2023 iniciar un programa de recompra de acciones de hasta 50 millones de coronas suecas.</p><p><strong>Participaciones en el Grupo Fasadgruppen: 490.000 acciones</strong>, 28.671 warrants 2021/2024, 15.125 warrants 2022/2025, 25.000 warrants 2023/2026.</p><p></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sEsW!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1921947e-430e-4add-bbef-61af63cb57a8_224x225.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sEsW!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1921947e-430e-4add-bbef-61af63cb57a8_224x225.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sEsW!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1921947e-430e-4add-bbef-61af63cb57a8_224x225.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sEsW!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1921947e-430e-4add-bbef-61af63cb57a8_224x225.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sEsW!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1921947e-430e-4add-bbef-61af63cb57a8_224x225.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sEsW!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1921947e-430e-4add-bbef-61af63cb57a8_224x225.png" width="224" height="225" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/1921947e-430e-4add-bbef-61af63cb57a8_224x225.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:225,&quot;width&quot;:224,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sEsW!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1921947e-430e-4add-bbef-61af63cb57a8_224x225.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sEsW!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1921947e-430e-4add-bbef-61af63cb57a8_224x225.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sEsW!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1921947e-430e-4add-bbef-61af63cb57a8_224x225.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sEsW!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1921947e-430e-4add-bbef-61af63cb57a8_224x225.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><h5><strong>Per Wiking Sjostrand (Member of the board)</strong></h5><p>Por otro lado, destacar que encontramos al Sr. Per Wiking Wjostrand (presidente de la junta directiva)</p><p>Posee 890.280 acciones = 85.466.880 millones de SEK (a trav&#233;s de la empresa)</p><p>Salario: 391.728 millones de coronas suecas</p><p>Elegido: Presidente del consejo desde mayo de 2020, director de empresas del grupo desde 2019. Presidente del comit&#233; de retribuciones</p><p>Per tiene 25 a&#241;os de experiencia como director ejecutivo de varias empresas y ha sido director y gerente de grandes proyectos dentro de la Administraci&#243;n de Transporte de Suecia<strong>. Fund&#243; Instalco AB y fue su director ejecutivo entre 2014 y 2021.</strong></p><p><strong>La presencia de Per es vital para el desarrollo de la empresa, ya que el modelo de negocio mediante adquisiciones fue importado e implementado por &#233;l, quien ya lo hab&#237;a logrado anteriormente en la empresa Instalco Ab.</strong></p><p><strong>Esta estrategia se viene desarrollando con &#233;xito desde hace a&#241;os en Instalco y actualmente Fadsagruppen sigue los mismos pasos aconsejados por el Sr. Per.</strong></p><h3><strong>FUNDAMENTALES</strong></h3><p>Los ingresos provienen de tres actividades diferentes:</p><p><strong>-Nueva producci&#243;n</strong>: Desarrollo de proyectos de construcci&#243;n relacionados con edificios residenciales y otros edificios mediante la combinaci&#243;n de recursos financieros, t&#233;cnicos y f&#237;sicos para la realizaci&#243;n de proyectos de construcci&#243;n para su posterior venta. Alrededor del 25 % del volumen de negocio.</p><p><strong>-Renovaci&#243;n de edificios existentes:</strong> Construcci&#243;n y trabajos de construcci&#243;n y preparativos de los mismos. De este segmento procede la mayor parte de los ingresos, ya que alrededor del 75 % de la facturaci&#243;n de Fasadgruppen est&#225; relacionada con proyectos de renovaci&#243;n. La filial presta servicios, entre otros, de renovaci&#243;n de fachadas, aislamiento adicional, sustituci&#243;n de ventanas y sustituci&#243;n de tejados. Hist&#243;ricamente ha mostrado un desarrollo estable incluso durante una econom&#237;a m&#225;s d&#233;bil debido a su recurrencia y necesidad. Durante el per&#237;odo 2005-2019, la tasa de crecimiento anual promedio del mercado de renovaci&#243;n (CAGR) fue del 2,5 %.</p><p><strong>-Equipos energ&#233;ticamente eficientes: </strong>Medidas individuales de rehabilitaci&#243;n que incluyen la instalaci&#243;n, mantenimiento y reparaci&#243;n de equipos energ&#233;ticamente eficientes. Una parte m&#225;s peque&#241;a de la facturaci&#243;n de Fasadgruppen se destina a la reparaci&#243;n de instalaciones de c&#233;lulas solares.</p><p>Fasadgruppen ha generado un crecimiento compuesto del 38% en los &#250;ltimos 3 a&#241;os, cumpliendo todos los objetivos impuestos por su directiva.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BXh1!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2cd8f7c4-451e-46e7-b071-26ef27d0ed4d_494x551.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BXh1!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2cd8f7c4-451e-46e7-b071-26ef27d0ed4d_494x551.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BXh1!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2cd8f7c4-451e-46e7-b071-26ef27d0ed4d_494x551.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BXh1!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2cd8f7c4-451e-46e7-b071-26ef27d0ed4d_494x551.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BXh1!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2cd8f7c4-451e-46e7-b071-26ef27d0ed4d_494x551.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BXh1!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2cd8f7c4-451e-46e7-b071-26ef27d0ed4d_494x551.png" width="494" height="551" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/2cd8f7c4-451e-46e7-b071-26ef27d0ed4d_494x551.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:551,&quot;width&quot;:494,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BXh1!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2cd8f7c4-451e-46e7-b071-26ef27d0ed4d_494x551.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BXh1!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2cd8f7c4-451e-46e7-b071-26ef27d0ed4d_494x551.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BXh1!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2cd8f7c4-451e-46e7-b071-26ef27d0ed4d_494x551.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BXh1!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2cd8f7c4-451e-46e7-b071-26ef27d0ed4d_494x551.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: <a href="https://app.tikr.com/">TIKR</a></p><p>Los objetivos de la compa&#241;&#237;a son crecer al menos un 15% de forma org&#225;nica e inorg&#225;nica, distribuir el 30% de los beneficios en forma de dividendos y mantener un margen EV/EBITDA de al menos el 10% as&#237; como un ratio de endeudamiento inferior a 2,5x veces el ebitda.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wgA6!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b05eacd-0e73-43b7-b464-5a2e77ef21ef_767x849.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wgA6!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b05eacd-0e73-43b7-b464-5a2e77ef21ef_767x849.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wgA6!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b05eacd-0e73-43b7-b464-5a2e77ef21ef_767x849.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wgA6!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b05eacd-0e73-43b7-b464-5a2e77ef21ef_767x849.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wgA6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b05eacd-0e73-43b7-b464-5a2e77ef21ef_767x849.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wgA6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b05eacd-0e73-43b7-b464-5a2e77ef21ef_767x849.png" width="767" height="849" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/9b05eacd-0e73-43b7-b464-5a2e77ef21ef_767x849.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:849,&quot;width&quot;:767,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wgA6!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b05eacd-0e73-43b7-b464-5a2e77ef21ef_767x849.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wgA6!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b05eacd-0e73-43b7-b464-5a2e77ef21ef_767x849.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wgA6!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b05eacd-0e73-43b7-b464-5a2e77ef21ef_767x849.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wgA6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b05eacd-0e73-43b7-b464-5a2e77ef21ef_767x849.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: Fasadgruppen Annual Report 2023</p><p>En 2023 ha estado experimentando algunas luchas debido al entorno inflacionario y la reducci&#243;n del crecimiento org&#225;nico de sus servicios. Por este motivo lo encontramos cotizando s&#243;lo por 9x Ev/Ebitda, cotizando a un precio de 68 SEK por acci&#243;n.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ca0I!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25fed28d-f2fe-4641-a359-4c43dacab8e2_822x431.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ca0I!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25fed28d-f2fe-4641-a359-4c43dacab8e2_822x431.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ca0I!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25fed28d-f2fe-4641-a359-4c43dacab8e2_822x431.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ca0I!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25fed28d-f2fe-4641-a359-4c43dacab8e2_822x431.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ca0I!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25fed28d-f2fe-4641-a359-4c43dacab8e2_822x431.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ca0I!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25fed28d-f2fe-4641-a359-4c43dacab8e2_822x431.png" width="822" height="431" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/25fed28d-f2fe-4641-a359-4c43dacab8e2_822x431.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:431,&quot;width&quot;:822,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ca0I!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25fed28d-f2fe-4641-a359-4c43dacab8e2_822x431.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ca0I!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25fed28d-f2fe-4641-a359-4c43dacab8e2_822x431.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ca0I!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25fed28d-f2fe-4641-a359-4c43dacab8e2_822x431.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ca0I!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25fed28d-f2fe-4641-a359-4c43dacab8e2_822x431.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: <a href="https://app.tikr.com/">TIKR</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IWjr!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F045b0f02-ee15-4c65-b0f2-2c933cf8bb23_832x420.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IWjr!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F045b0f02-ee15-4c65-b0f2-2c933cf8bb23_832x420.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IWjr!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F045b0f02-ee15-4c65-b0f2-2c933cf8bb23_832x420.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IWjr!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F045b0f02-ee15-4c65-b0f2-2c933cf8bb23_832x420.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IWjr!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F045b0f02-ee15-4c65-b0f2-2c933cf8bb23_832x420.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IWjr!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F045b0f02-ee15-4c65-b0f2-2c933cf8bb23_832x420.jpeg" width="832" height="420" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/045b0f02-ee15-4c65-b0f2-2c933cf8bb23_832x420.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:420,&quot;width&quot;:832,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IWjr!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F045b0f02-ee15-4c65-b0f2-2c933cf8bb23_832x420.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IWjr!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F045b0f02-ee15-4c65-b0f2-2c933cf8bb23_832x420.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IWjr!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F045b0f02-ee15-4c65-b0f2-2c933cf8bb23_832x420.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IWjr!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F045b0f02-ee15-4c65-b0f2-2c933cf8bb23_832x420.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente:&nbsp; Fasadgruppen Q4 2022 Rsults&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Fasadgruppen eval&#250;a que el mercado de las fachadas est&#225; impulsado por fachadas que necesitan ser inspeccionadas y renovadas peri&#243;dicamente.</strong> Se estima que la mamposter&#237;a y el yeso deben inspeccionarse cada quince a&#241;os y reemplazarse cada treinta a&#241;os, los balcones cada treinta a cincuenta a&#241;os, los techos cada quince a treinta a&#241;os y las ventanas cada veinte a cuarenta a&#241;os, respectivamente.</p><p>Adem&#225;s, Fasadgruppen se centra en proyectos de tama&#241;o mediano en el rango de 1 a 100 millones de coronas suecas, con un tama&#241;o promedio de proyecto de 3 a 4 millones de coronas suecas (aproximadamente medio mill&#243;n de euros).</p><p>Los proyectos implican un riesgo menor que los proyectos grandes, de m&#225;s de 100 millones de coronas suecas, donde puede ser dif&#237;cil estimar los costos de mano de obra y materiales y agregar&#237;an m&#225;s riesgo.</p><h3><strong>DIVERSIFICACI&#211;N</strong></h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MVTh!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F336303d7-2dbd-4c09-9ef8-c3307a0b8b7c_783x698.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MVTh!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F336303d7-2dbd-4c09-9ef8-c3307a0b8b7c_783x698.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MVTh!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F336303d7-2dbd-4c09-9ef8-c3307a0b8b7c_783x698.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MVTh!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F336303d7-2dbd-4c09-9ef8-c3307a0b8b7c_783x698.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MVTh!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F336303d7-2dbd-4c09-9ef8-c3307a0b8b7c_783x698.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MVTh!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F336303d7-2dbd-4c09-9ef8-c3307a0b8b7c_783x698.png" width="783" height="698" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/336303d7-2dbd-4c09-9ef8-c3307a0b8b7c_783x698.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:698,&quot;width&quot;:783,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MVTh!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F336303d7-2dbd-4c09-9ef8-c3307a0b8b7c_783x698.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MVTh!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F336303d7-2dbd-4c09-9ef8-c3307a0b8b7c_783x698.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MVTh!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F336303d7-2dbd-4c09-9ef8-c3307a0b8b7c_783x698.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MVTh!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F336303d7-2dbd-4c09-9ef8-c3307a0b8b7c_783x698.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: Fasadgruppen Annual Report 2023</p><p>Fasadgruppen sigue dependiendo en gran medida del mercado sueco, sin embargo est&#225;n haciendo un excelente esfuerzo para diversificar sus operaciones comerciales por servicios y por geograf&#237;a. La prueba es que como podemos ver en las im&#225;genes est&#225;n ampliando su operatividad al resto de pa&#237;ses n&#243;rdicos, representando alrededor del 40% de los ingresos totales.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vp49!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffdc52574-5bc2-42af-8211-5e6e695d5b8f_1115x604.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vp49!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffdc52574-5bc2-42af-8211-5e6e695d5b8f_1115x604.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vp49!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffdc52574-5bc2-42af-8211-5e6e695d5b8f_1115x604.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vp49!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffdc52574-5bc2-42af-8211-5e6e695d5b8f_1115x604.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vp49!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffdc52574-5bc2-42af-8211-5e6e695d5b8f_1115x604.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vp49!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffdc52574-5bc2-42af-8211-5e6e695d5b8f_1115x604.png" width="1115" height="604" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/fdc52574-5bc2-42af-8211-5e6e695d5b8f_1115x604.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:604,&quot;width&quot;:1115,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vp49!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffdc52574-5bc2-42af-8211-5e6e695d5b8f_1115x604.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vp49!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffdc52574-5bc2-42af-8211-5e6e695d5b8f_1115x604.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vp49!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffdc52574-5bc2-42af-8211-5e6e695d5b8f_1115x604.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vp49!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffdc52574-5bc2-42af-8211-5e6e695d5b8f_1115x604.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: Fasadgruppen Presentaci&#243;n Resultados Q4 2023</p><h3><strong>CATALIZADOR (MEGATENDENCIA)</strong></h3><p>Aproximadamente el 87% de la poblaci&#243;n sueca vive en regiones urbanas y aproximadamente el 85 % de los edificios de apartamentos se construyeron hace m&#225;s de 20 a&#241;os, lo que aumenta a&#250;n m&#225;s la demanda de renovaci&#243;n.</p><p>Se pueden observar tendencias similares en Dinamarca y Noruega, ya que el Ayuntamiento de Oslo ha determinado que se necesitar&#225;n alrededor de 135.000 viviendas nuevas para 2040, y el Ministerio de Transporte dan&#233;s estima que se necesitar&#225;n 7.000 viviendas nuevas por a&#241;o durante 25 a&#241;os para cubrir el costo de vivienda. necesidades en la regi&#243;n de Copenhague.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zFwf!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbcef5976-9344-454d-b2e4-f2ce64c3f215_1111x662.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zFwf!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbcef5976-9344-454d-b2e4-f2ce64c3f215_1111x662.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zFwf!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbcef5976-9344-454d-b2e4-f2ce64c3f215_1111x662.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zFwf!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbcef5976-9344-454d-b2e4-f2ce64c3f215_1111x662.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zFwf!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbcef5976-9344-454d-b2e4-f2ce64c3f215_1111x662.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zFwf!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbcef5976-9344-454d-b2e4-f2ce64c3f215_1111x662.png" width="727" height="433.18991899189916" 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https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zFwf!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbcef5976-9344-454d-b2e4-f2ce64c3f215_1111x662.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zFwf!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbcef5976-9344-454d-b2e4-f2ce64c3f215_1111x662.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zFwf!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbcef5976-9344-454d-b2e4-f2ce64c3f215_1111x662.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: Fasadgruppen Presentaci&#243;n Resultados Q4 2023</p><p>Los mercados de Fasadgruppen est&#225;n impulsados por las necesidades subyacentes de vivienda y renovaci&#243;n en la cartera de propiedades n&#243;rdicas, en combinaci&#243;n con una mayor presi&#243;n regulatoria sobre el rendimiento energ&#233;tico y una amplia demanda de viviendas clim&#225;ticamente inteligentes.</p><p>La sostenibilidad se est&#225; convirtiendo r&#225;pidamente en un tema importante en el sector de la construcci&#243;n, impulsada por los desaf&#237;os sociales, los ambiciosos objetivos para combatir el cambio clim&#225;tico y la creciente demanda de los clientes. El sector tiene una gran responsabilidad debido a las altas emisiones y al uso de recursos durante la fase de construcci&#243;n y especialmente durante la larga vida &#250;til de un edificio.</p><p><strong>La rehabilitaci&#243;n energ&#233;tica m&#225;s eficaz es cuando se puede dar al inmueble un enfoque integral en cuanto a forma. Esto incluye aislamiento nuevo, reemplazo de ventanas, retechado y acristalamiento de balcones. Este enfoque de renovaci&#243;n profunda tiene el potencial de ahorrar hasta un 60% de energ&#237;a.</strong></p><p>La implementaci&#243;n de requisitos m&#225;s estrictos para la sociedad en cuanto al consumo de energ&#237;a significa la necesidad de nuevos m&#233;todos y materiales racionales para cumplir con los requisitos.</p><p><strong>Seg&#250;n la Comisi&#243;n Europea, <a href="https://storage.mfn.se/764874cb-2a03-4d14-8e2a-5d98aff5acb2/european-parliament-votes-in-favour-of-new-energy-performance-requirements-for-buildings.pdf">los edificios son responsables de aproximadamente el 40% del consumo de energ&#237;a de la UE y el 36% de las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero relacionadas con la energ&#237;a</a>. Al menos el 75% del parque inmobiliario de la UE es energ&#233;ticamente ineficiente, y la tasa de renovaci&#243;n anual debe al menos duplicarse.</strong></p><p>Por ejemplo, en Suecia, el sector de la construcci&#243;n representa el 30% de las emisiones y alrededor del 30% de todos los residuos, por lo que la renovaci&#243;n con t&#233;cnicas modernas de aislamiento es crucial para reducir el uso de energ&#237;a en el futuro.</p><p><a href="https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-efficiency/energy-efficient-buildings/energy-performance-buildings-directive_en">La directiva de modificaci&#243;n (2018/844/CE)</a> cubre una amplia gama de pol&#237;ticas y medidas de apoyo que ayudar&#225;n a los gobiernos nacionales de la UE a impulsar el rendimiento energ&#233;tico de los edificios y mejorar el parque de edificios existentes. En diciembre de 2021, la <a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52021PC0802&amp;qid=1641802763889">Comisi&#243;n propuso una revisi&#243;n de la directiva</a> ( COM(2021) 802 final). Mejora el marco regulatorio existente para reflejar mayores ambiciones y necesidades m&#225;s apremiantes en materia de acci&#243;n clim&#225;tica y social. Para garantizar que los edificios sean aptos para la ambici&#243;n clim&#225;tica mejorada, tal como se presenta en el Plan de Objetivos Clim&#225;ticos para 2030 y se refleja en el &#8220;<a href="https://ec.europa.eu/clima/news-your-voice/news/delivering-european-green-deal-2021-07-14_en">Paquete de Implementaci&#243;n del Pacto Verde Europeo</a>&#8221;</p><p><strong>La nueva directiva de marzo de 2023 estableci&#243; que los pa&#237;ses de la UE deben, por ejemplo, establecer estrategias s&#243;lidas de renovaci&#243;n a largo plazo, con el objetivo de descarbonizar el parque inmobiliario nacional para 2050, con hitos indicativos para 2030, 2040 y 2050</strong>. Las estrategias deben contribuir a alcanzar el objetivo energ&#233;tico nacional. y objetivos de eficiencia energ&#233;tica de los planes clim&#225;ticos (PNEC).</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eQZn!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9234be5d-be09-40ff-a0f7-09db3bfa9335_700x414.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eQZn!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9234be5d-be09-40ff-a0f7-09db3bfa9335_700x414.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eQZn!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9234be5d-be09-40ff-a0f7-09db3bfa9335_700x414.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eQZn!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9234be5d-be09-40ff-a0f7-09db3bfa9335_700x414.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eQZn!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9234be5d-be09-40ff-a0f7-09db3bfa9335_700x414.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eQZn!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9234be5d-be09-40ff-a0f7-09db3bfa9335_700x414.png" width="700" height="414" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/9234be5d-be09-40ff-a0f7-09db3bfa9335_700x414.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:414,&quot;width&quot;:700,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eQZn!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9234be5d-be09-40ff-a0f7-09db3bfa9335_700x414.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eQZn!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9234be5d-be09-40ff-a0f7-09db3bfa9335_700x414.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eQZn!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9234be5d-be09-40ff-a0f7-09db3bfa9335_700x414.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eQZn!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9234be5d-be09-40ff-a0f7-09db3bfa9335_700x414.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente:<a href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/ATAG/2023/739377/EPRS_ATA(2023)739377_EN.pdf">https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/ATAG/2023/739377/EPRS_ATA(2023)739377_EN.pdf</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_2qa!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc5425ad8-17d0-4711-b664-bcc0bd7a52ce_735x496.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_2qa!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc5425ad8-17d0-4711-b664-bcc0bd7a52ce_735x496.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_2qa!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc5425ad8-17d0-4711-b664-bcc0bd7a52ce_735x496.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_2qa!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc5425ad8-17d0-4711-b664-bcc0bd7a52ce_735x496.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_2qa!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc5425ad8-17d0-4711-b664-bcc0bd7a52ce_735x496.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_2qa!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc5425ad8-17d0-4711-b664-bcc0bd7a52ce_735x496.png" width="735" height="496" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c5425ad8-17d0-4711-b664-bcc0bd7a52ce_735x496.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:496,&quot;width&quot;:735,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_2qa!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc5425ad8-17d0-4711-b664-bcc0bd7a52ce_735x496.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_2qa!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc5425ad8-17d0-4711-b664-bcc0bd7a52ce_735x496.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_2qa!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc5425ad8-17d0-4711-b664-bcc0bd7a52ce_735x496.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_2qa!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc5425ad8-17d0-4711-b664-bcc0bd7a52ce_735x496.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: Web Fasadgruppen</p><p><strong>Fasadgruppen est&#225; bien posicionado en esta tendencia y ser&#225; extremadamente beneficioso para estas nuevas regulaciones, porque ofrece servicios que crean mejoras ambientales directas</strong>, por ejemplo reduciendo el consumo de energ&#237;a. Los propietarios de propiedades existentes y de nueva construcci&#243;n se centran cada vez m&#225;s en invertir en soluciones energ&#233;ticamente eficientes con el objetivo de reducir los costos operativos y satisfacer las crecientes demandas de sostenibilidad. La rehabilitaci&#243;n a largo plazo crea viviendas sostenibles y se trata, como propietarios, de minimizar los recursos y tener una estrategia de gesti&#243;n sostenible a largo plazo.</p><p><strong>En Suecia, alrededor del 30 por ciento del uso de energ&#237;a se destina a calentar las casas</strong>, lo que hace que la renovaci&#243;n con t&#233;cnicas modernas de aislamiento sea crucial para reducir el uso de energ&#237;a en el futuro. <strong>La renovaci&#243;n energ&#233;tica mediante un aislamiento adicional en la fachada, no solo hace que aumente el valor de la propiedad, sino que la instalaci&#243;n proporciona un importante ahorro energ&#233;tico (75%)</strong>.Utilizando SmartFront (un m&#233;todo patentado por ellos) se mejora la fachada, la ventilaci&#243;n y las ventanas de las propiedades existentes.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wio1!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F22ecb6f9-f1ec-4177-a50b-c6a39f2e754d_351x341.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wio1!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F22ecb6f9-f1ec-4177-a50b-c6a39f2e754d_351x341.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wio1!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F22ecb6f9-f1ec-4177-a50b-c6a39f2e754d_351x341.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wio1!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F22ecb6f9-f1ec-4177-a50b-c6a39f2e754d_351x341.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wio1!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F22ecb6f9-f1ec-4177-a50b-c6a39f2e754d_351x341.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wio1!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F22ecb6f9-f1ec-4177-a50b-c6a39f2e754d_351x341.png" width="351" height="341" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/22ecb6f9-f1ec-4177-a50b-c6a39f2e754d_351x341.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:341,&quot;width&quot;:351,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wio1!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F22ecb6f9-f1ec-4177-a50b-c6a39f2e754d_351x341.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wio1!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F22ecb6f9-f1ec-4177-a50b-c6a39f2e754d_351x341.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wio1!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F22ecb6f9-f1ec-4177-a50b-c6a39f2e754d_351x341.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wio1!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F22ecb6f9-f1ec-4177-a50b-c6a39f2e754d_351x341.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: Web Fasadgruppen</p><p><strong>Tienen una soluci&#243;n innovadora que combina el aislamiento adicional de las fachadas y ventanas de las casas con la instalaci&#243;n de ventilaci&#243;n. El consumo de energ&#237;a disminuye y un mayor intercambio de aire mejora el ambiente interior.</strong></p><p>Smartfront puede reducir el consumo de energ&#237;a a m&#225;s de la mitad. La energ&#237;a utilizada para calentar el aire de ventilaci&#243;n puede representar hasta el 40% de la necesidad de energ&#237;a para calefacci&#243;n. En la mayor&#237;a de los casos se ahorra m&#225;s del 50% de los costes de calefacci&#243;n. Para el propietario, SmartFront es una inversi&#243;n segura que aumenta el valor del edificio entre un 10 y un 12%.</p><h3><strong>RIESGOS</strong></h3><p>-La duraci&#243;n de un entorno macroecon&#243;mico incierto que puede resultar en m&#225;s inflaci&#243;n, costo de las materias primas, menor demanda de servicios de construcci&#243;n y reducci&#243;n del crecimiento org&#225;nico debido a la recesi&#243;n econ&#243;mica.</p><p>-El mercado de la construcci&#243;n tiene un v&#237;nculo m&#225;s fuerte con los ciclos econ&#243;micos. Los factores macroecon&#243;micos como el crecimiento del PIB y el nivel de las tasas de inter&#233;s afectan los precios de las propiedades y las vacantes, lo que a su vez afecta el mercado de la construcci&#243;n.</p><p>-A pesar de centrarse en proyectos peque&#241;os, el precio y los costes se fijan antes de iniciarlos. Los errores en el c&#225;lculo de estos pueden deteriorar la rentabilidad del negocio.</p><p>-Por otra parte, las actividades y los mercados se ven afectados en cierta medida por variaciones estacionales. Como regla general, el primer trimestre del a&#241;o es m&#225;s d&#233;bil que los nueve restantes. Las bajas temperaturas hacen que sea m&#225;s dif&#237;cil realizar trabajos de alba&#241;iler&#237;a y mantenimiento.</p><h5><strong>PRINCIPALES COMPETIDORES</strong></h5><p>NCC Sverige AB, PEAB Sverige AB, Serneke Sverige AB y Per Aarsleff A/S.</p><p>Son las principales empresas que operan en los pa&#237;ses n&#243;rdicos; aparte de estos grandes actores, el sector de la construcci&#243;n en Suecia es bastante local.</p><p><strong>Hay m&#225;s de 10.000 empresas activas en trabajos de fachadas en la regi&#243;n n&#243;rdica, lo que crea grandes oportunidades de consolidaci&#243;n y crecimiento a largo plazo</strong>. Sin embargo, es dif&#237;cil encontrar un operador que no s&#243;lo construya sino que tambi&#233;n realice servicios de renovaci&#243;n y mantenimiento.</p><h3><strong>Resumen de m&#233;todos de valoraci&#243;n</strong></h3><p>Estos son los datos que he utilizado para realizar los diferentes m&#233;todos de valoraci&#243;n. En esta imagen he realizado un escenario &#168;<strong>Standard</strong>&#168;, proyectando un crecimiento m&#237;nimo como objetivo ( dado por la propia empresa) del 15% y un margen EBIT &#177; 9%. Por otra parte, he asumido una diluci&#243;n en las acciones de 5 mill de forma anual, tal como han ido haciendo hasta ahora. <strong>(Todos los datos est&#225;n en millones y en coronas suecas SEK&nbsp; )</strong></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6Uva!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa55b29ef-66dd-42e9-9289-24a2bf889004_1129x545.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6Uva!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa55b29ef-66dd-42e9-9289-24a2bf889004_1129x545.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6Uva!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa55b29ef-66dd-42e9-9289-24a2bf889004_1129x545.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6Uva!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa55b29ef-66dd-42e9-9289-24a2bf889004_1129x545.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6Uva!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa55b29ef-66dd-42e9-9289-24a2bf889004_1129x545.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6Uva!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa55b29ef-66dd-42e9-9289-24a2bf889004_1129x545.png" width="1129" height="545" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/a55b29ef-66dd-42e9-9289-24a2bf889004_1129x545.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:545,&quot;width&quot;:1129,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6Uva!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa55b29ef-66dd-42e9-9289-24a2bf889004_1129x545.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6Uva!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa55b29ef-66dd-42e9-9289-24a2bf889004_1129x545.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6Uva!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa55b29ef-66dd-42e9-9289-24a2bf889004_1129x545.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6Uva!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa55b29ef-66dd-42e9-9289-24a2bf889004_1129x545.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: Elaboraci&#243;n propia</p><p>M&#233;todos de valoraci&#243;n por m&#250;ltiplos PER, P/FCF, EV/EBITDA, EV/EBIT.&nbsp;</p><p>En cuanto a la valoraci&#243;n por m&#250;ltiplos he asumido que la deuda se mantiene en 2,5x veces tal y como ellos pronostican y un dividendo del 30% de los beneficios.</p><p>Los m&#250;ltiplos est&#225;n extra&#237;dos seg&#250;n datos hist&#243;ricos de los &#250;ltimos 3 a&#241;os.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KUex!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fad15d976-db52-4a10-a66c-46420c29070c_1600x553.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KUex!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fad15d976-db52-4a10-a66c-46420c29070c_1600x553.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KUex!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fad15d976-db52-4a10-a66c-46420c29070c_1600x553.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KUex!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fad15d976-db52-4a10-a66c-46420c29070c_1600x553.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KUex!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fad15d976-db52-4a10-a66c-46420c29070c_1600x553.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KUex!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fad15d976-db52-4a10-a66c-46420c29070c_1600x553.jpeg" width="1456" height="503" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/ad15d976-db52-4a10-a66c-46420c29070c_1600x553.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:503,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KUex!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fad15d976-db52-4a10-a66c-46420c29070c_1600x553.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KUex!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fad15d976-db52-4a10-a66c-46420c29070c_1600x553.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KUex!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fad15d976-db52-4a10-a66c-46420c29070c_1600x553.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KUex!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fad15d976-db52-4a10-a66c-46420c29070c_1600x553.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: Elaboraci&#243;n propia</p><p>M&#233;todo DFC, realizado en estimaci&#243;n a 10 a&#241;os y c&#243;mo he calculado y asignado el WACC para el DFC. Como podemos observar nos da un precio objetivo de 112 Sek, proporcion&#225;ndonos un margen de seguridad del 40%&nbsp; al precio actual (68 SEK).</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VxqS!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff1cf7010-6866-4d6f-8ce3-a3f7443c4b40_1346x488.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VxqS!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff1cf7010-6866-4d6f-8ce3-a3f7443c4b40_1346x488.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VxqS!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff1cf7010-6866-4d6f-8ce3-a3f7443c4b40_1346x488.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VxqS!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff1cf7010-6866-4d6f-8ce3-a3f7443c4b40_1346x488.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VxqS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff1cf7010-6866-4d6f-8ce3-a3f7443c4b40_1346x488.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VxqS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff1cf7010-6866-4d6f-8ce3-a3f7443c4b40_1346x488.jpeg" width="727" height="263.5780089153046" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f1cf7010-6866-4d6f-8ce3-a3f7443c4b40_1346x488.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:488,&quot;width&quot;:1346,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:727,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VxqS!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff1cf7010-6866-4d6f-8ce3-a3f7443c4b40_1346x488.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VxqS!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff1cf7010-6866-4d6f-8ce3-a3f7443c4b40_1346x488.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VxqS!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff1cf7010-6866-4d6f-8ce3-a3f7443c4b40_1346x488.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VxqS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff1cf7010-6866-4d6f-8ce3-a3f7443c4b40_1346x488.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: Elaboraci&#243;n propia</p><p>Fuente: Elaboraci&#243;n propia</p><h3><strong>An&#225;lisis de sensibilidad</strong></h3><p>Aqu&#237; he realizado una valoraci&#243;n del DFC y el EV/EBITDA proyectados a 5 a&#241;os y tra&#237;do a valor presente.</p><p>Con diferentes WACC y diferentes m&#250;ltiplos EV/EBITDA observamos una amplia variedad de escenarios sujetos al incremento o disminuci&#243;n de dichas variables.</p><p><strong>Eso nos da una idea amplia de cu&#225;l podr&#237;a ser la valoraci&#243;n y d&#243;nde estar&#237;a el valor intr&#237;nseco de la acci&#243;n en el momento actual en base a la proyecci&#243;n de sus beneficios.</strong></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!c8eS!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc39935a3-c29c-4a98-862b-b0879d3ed3ce_1076x426.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!c8eS!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc39935a3-c29c-4a98-862b-b0879d3ed3ce_1076x426.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!c8eS!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc39935a3-c29c-4a98-862b-b0879d3ed3ce_1076x426.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!c8eS!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc39935a3-c29c-4a98-862b-b0879d3ed3ce_1076x426.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!c8eS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc39935a3-c29c-4a98-862b-b0879d3ed3ce_1076x426.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!c8eS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc39935a3-c29c-4a98-862b-b0879d3ed3ce_1076x426.jpeg" width="1076" height="426" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c39935a3-c29c-4a98-862b-b0879d3ed3ce_1076x426.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:426,&quot;width&quot;:1076,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!c8eS!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc39935a3-c29c-4a98-862b-b0879d3ed3ce_1076x426.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!c8eS!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc39935a3-c29c-4a98-862b-b0879d3ed3ce_1076x426.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!c8eS!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc39935a3-c29c-4a98-862b-b0879d3ed3ce_1076x426.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!c8eS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc39935a3-c29c-4a98-862b-b0879d3ed3ce_1076x426.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: Elaboraci&#243;n propia</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.magnoinvestments.net/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading Carlos Chaume! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p><strong>CONCLUSI&#211;N</strong></p><p>En definitiva podemos decir que la acci&#243;n se encuentra infravalorada en sus diferentes escenarios y m&#233;todos de valoraci&#243;n realizados. A pesar de ser un negocio con poca capitalizaci&#243;n y de naturaleza m&#225;s c&#237;clica y por ende m&#225;s vol&#225;til, bas&#225;ndome en su valoraci&#243;n, su posicionamiento en el mercado as&#237; como sus cuentas y ratios, personalmente tengo una peque&#241;a posici&#243;n en mi portfolio.</p><p>Toda la informaci&#243;n dada y el an&#225;lisis parte de opiniones personales y subjetivas y en ning&#250;n caso debe interpretarse como una recomendaci&#243;n de inversi&#243;n.&nbsp;</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xbmr!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F50ef1a02-af32-49b1-bfa6-1ed1b441a5bf_862x405.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xbmr!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F50ef1a02-af32-49b1-bfa6-1ed1b441a5bf_862x405.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xbmr!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F50ef1a02-af32-49b1-bfa6-1ed1b441a5bf_862x405.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xbmr!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F50ef1a02-af32-49b1-bfa6-1ed1b441a5bf_862x405.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xbmr!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F50ef1a02-af32-49b1-bfa6-1ed1b441a5bf_862x405.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xbmr!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F50ef1a02-af32-49b1-bfa6-1ed1b441a5bf_862x405.jpeg" width="862" height="405" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/50ef1a02-af32-49b1-bfa6-1ed1b441a5bf_862x405.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:405,&quot;width&quot;:862,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xbmr!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F50ef1a02-af32-49b1-bfa6-1ed1b441a5bf_862x405.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xbmr!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F50ef1a02-af32-49b1-bfa6-1ed1b441a5bf_862x405.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xbmr!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F50ef1a02-af32-49b1-bfa6-1ed1b441a5bf_862x405.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xbmr!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F50ef1a02-af32-49b1-bfa6-1ed1b441a5bf_862x405.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#9888;&#65039;<strong> DISCLAIMER | AVISO LEGAL </strong>&#9888;&#65039;</p><p>Magno Investments no representa un servicio de asesoramiento financiero o servicio de inversi&#243;n.Toda la informaci&#243;n y material ofrecidos en el presente documento tienen un car&#225;cter totalmente educativo e informativo y no representan bajo ning&#250;n concepto una recomendaci&#243;n de compra o de venta de ning&#250;n activo financiero. (Art&#237;culo 63 de la Ley 24/1988, de 28 de julio, del Mercado de Valores, y en el art&#237;culo 5.1 del Real Decreto 217/2008, de 15 de febrero). Carlos Chaume y Magnoinvestments no se responsabilizan del uso que se haga de esta informaci&#243;n ni de la veracidad de las fuentes de la mismas. Antes de invertir en una cuenta real, es necesario tener la formaci&#243;n adecuada o en su defecto delegar dicha tarea en un profesional debidamente autorizado para ello.</p><p>Toda la informaci&#243;n&nbsp; facilitada desde Magnoinvestments es de car&#225;cter educativo e informativo y en ning&#250;n caso supone una recomendaci&#243;n de compra o de venta de ning&#250;n Valor burs&#225;til.&nbsp;</p><p></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.magnoinvestments.net/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share Carlos Chaume&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.magnoinvestments.net/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share Carlos Chaume</span></a></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[TESIS DE INVERSIÓN | LVMH (MC)]]></title><description><![CDATA[An&#225;lisis fundamental e investigaci&#243;n en Louis Vuitton, la mejor empresa del sector del lujo. Gusto, clase y elegancia.]]></description><link>https://www.magnoinvestments.net/p/tesis-de-inversion-lvmh</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.magnoinvestments.net/p/tesis-de-inversion-lvmh</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[𝐌𝐀𝐆𝐍𝐎 𝐈𝐍𝐕𝐄𝐒𝐓𝐌𝐄𝐍𝐓𝐒 RESEARCH]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 06 Jun 2023 15:06:51 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/0fe40735-acc3-4d25-9cfb-9816efd22ce6_500x333.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!umqR!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F104d3c01-d79f-48b4-81e0-939ab7a3b3f4_383x273.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!umqR!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F104d3c01-d79f-48b4-81e0-939ab7a3b3f4_383x273.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!umqR!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F104d3c01-d79f-48b4-81e0-939ab7a3b3f4_383x273.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!umqR!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F104d3c01-d79f-48b4-81e0-939ab7a3b3f4_383x273.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!umqR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F104d3c01-d79f-48b4-81e0-939ab7a3b3f4_383x273.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!umqR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F104d3c01-d79f-48b4-81e0-939ab7a3b3f4_383x273.png" width="331" height="235.93472584856397" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/104d3c01-d79f-48b4-81e0-939ab7a3b3f4_383x273.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:273,&quot;width&quot;:383,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:331,&quot;bytes&quot;:16243,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!umqR!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F104d3c01-d79f-48b4-81e0-939ab7a3b3f4_383x273.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!umqR!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F104d3c01-d79f-48b4-81e0-939ab7a3b3f4_383x273.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!umqR!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F104d3c01-d79f-48b4-81e0-939ab7a3b3f4_383x273.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!umqR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F104d3c01-d79f-48b4-81e0-939ab7a3b3f4_383x273.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><div id="youtube2-Z3nS6dNTL7c" class="youtube-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;videoId&quot;:&quot;Z3nS6dNTL7c&quot;,&quot;startTime&quot;:null,&quot;endTime&quot;:null}" data-component-name="Youtube2ToDOM"><div class="youtube-inner"><iframe src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/Z3nS6dNTL7c?rel=0&amp;autoplay=0&amp;showinfo=0&amp;enablejsapi=0" frameborder="0" loading="lazy" gesture="media" allow="autoplay; fullscreen" allowautoplay="true" allowfullscreen="true" width="728" height="409"></iframe></div></div><h5><strong>&#205;NDICE:</strong></h5><h5><strong>1. BREVE HISTORIA&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </strong></h5><h5><strong>2. AN&#193;LISIS DEL SECTOR&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</strong></h5><h5><strong>3. AN&#193;LISIS DE LA EMPRESA&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </strong></h5><h5>    3.1. Fundamentales&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </h5><h5>    3.2. Negocio </h5><h5>    3.3. Moats o Ventajas competitivas&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </h5><h5>    3.4. Directiva </h5><h5>    3.5. &#218;ltimos resultados&nbsp; </h5><h5><strong>4. Valoraci&#243;n&nbsp;&nbsp; </strong></h5><h5><strong>5. Riesgos&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </strong></h5><h5><strong>6. Conclusi&#243;n</strong></h5><h1><strong>1. BREVE HISTORIA&nbsp;</strong></h1><p>LVMH es un conglomerado multinacional franc&#233;s, siendo la compa&#241;&#237;a de art&#237;culos de lujo m&#225;s grande del mundo. LVMH actualmente posee 76 marcas de lujo en varias categor&#237;as, que incluyen moda y cuero, perfumes y cosm&#233;ticos, relojes y joyas, vinos y licores. Algunas de sus marcas m&#225;s famosas incluyen Louis Vuitton, Dior, Fendi, Givenchy y Bulgari.</p><p>LVMH fue fundada en 1854 por Louis Vuitton, quien comenz&#243; su carrera como fabricante de ba&#250;les, creando equipaje elegante y duradero para los viajeros adinerados de su &#233;poca. A lo largo de los a&#241;os, la marca LV se expandi&#243; a otros art&#237;culos de lujo como art&#237;culos de cuero, ropa y accesorios.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Iqw6!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9d61bfc0-91de-4980-b2de-6c85749871ba_996x1350.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Iqw6!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9d61bfc0-91de-4980-b2de-6c85749871ba_996x1350.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Iqw6!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9d61bfc0-91de-4980-b2de-6c85749871ba_996x1350.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Iqw6!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9d61bfc0-91de-4980-b2de-6c85749871ba_996x1350.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Iqw6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9d61bfc0-91de-4980-b2de-6c85749871ba_996x1350.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Iqw6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9d61bfc0-91de-4980-b2de-6c85749871ba_996x1350.jpeg" width="163" height="220.93373493975903" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/9d61bfc0-91de-4980-b2de-6c85749871ba_996x1350.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1350,&quot;width&quot;:996,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:163,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Louis Vuitton (dise&#241;ador) - Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Louis Vuitton (dise&#241;ador) - Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre" title="Louis Vuitton (dise&#241;ador) - Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Iqw6!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9d61bfc0-91de-4980-b2de-6c85749871ba_996x1350.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Iqw6!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9d61bfc0-91de-4980-b2de-6c85749871ba_996x1350.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Iqw6!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9d61bfc0-91de-4980-b2de-6c85749871ba_996x1350.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Iqw6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9d61bfc0-91de-4980-b2de-6c85749871ba_996x1350.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_sX0!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F50f3c1bd-883c-4fe0-b576-209b9d7f3cb0_720x503.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_sX0!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F50f3c1bd-883c-4fe0-b576-209b9d7f3cb0_720x503.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_sX0!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F50f3c1bd-883c-4fe0-b576-209b9d7f3cb0_720x503.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_sX0!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F50f3c1bd-883c-4fe0-b576-209b9d7f3cb0_720x503.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_sX0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F50f3c1bd-883c-4fe0-b576-209b9d7f3cb0_720x503.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_sX0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F50f3c1bd-883c-4fe0-b576-209b9d7f3cb0_720x503.jpeg" width="356" height="248.70555555555555" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/50f3c1bd-883c-4fe0-b576-209b9d7f3cb0_720x503.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:503,&quot;width&quot;:720,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:356,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Historia de Louis Vuitton en 12 hechos asombrosos: celebrando un 200  aniversario &#8211; Bagaholic&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Historia de Louis Vuitton en 12 hechos asombrosos: celebrando un 200  aniversario &#8211; Bagaholic" title="Historia de Louis Vuitton en 12 hechos asombrosos: celebrando un 200  aniversario &#8211; Bagaholic" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_sX0!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F50f3c1bd-883c-4fe0-b576-209b9d7f3cb0_720x503.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_sX0!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F50f3c1bd-883c-4fe0-b576-209b9d7f3cb0_720x503.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_sX0!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F50f3c1bd-883c-4fe0-b576-209b9d7f3cb0_720x503.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_sX0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F50f3c1bd-883c-4fe0-b576-209b9d7f3cb0_720x503.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Mientras tanto, Mo&#235;t Hennessy se form&#243; en 1971 mediante la fusi&#243;n de dos grandes empresas de vinos y licores, Mo&#235;t et Chandon y Hennessy.</p><p>El grupo LVMH se form&#243; a partir de la fusi&#243;n de Mo&#235;t Hennessy y Louis Vuitton en 1987. Bernard Arnault se convirti&#243; en el principal accionista y presidente en 1989, con la ambici&#243;n de hacer de LVMH el l&#237;der mundial del sector del lujo.</p><p>A trav&#233;s de los a&#241;os ha logrado conformar el conglomerado del lujo por el cual lo conocemos a d&#237;a de hoy, adquiriendo de formas extraordinarias empresas del sector, entre las que destacan:</p><p><strong>Tiffany &amp; Co</strong>. &#8212;&gt; 13.000 millones de euros en 2020.</p><p><strong>Christian Dior </strong>&#8212;&gt; 12.100 millones de euros en 2017.</p><p><strong>Bvlgar</strong>i &#8212;&gt; 4.300 millones de euros en 2011.</p><p><strong>Belmond </strong>&#8212;&gt; 3.200 millones de euros en 2018.</p><p><strong>Fendi </strong>&#8212;&gt; 1.200 millones de euros en 2001.</p><p><strong>Rimowa </strong>&#8212;&gt; 640 millones de euros en 2016.</p><p><strong>Tag Heuer</strong> &#8212;&gt; 860 millones de euros en 1999.</p><p><strong>Sephora </strong>&#8212;&gt; 230 millones de euros en 1997.</p><p><strong>Loewe </strong>&#8212;&gt; 1.300 millones de euros en 1996.</p><h1><strong>2. AN&#193;LISIS DEL SECTOR</strong></h1><p>&#191;En qu&#233; estado se encuentra el mercado de lujo y cu&#225;les son las predicciones para el futuro?</p><p>El mundo del lujo est&#225; compuesto por bienes y servicios, pero tambi&#233;n el estilo de vida</p><p>(lifestyle) que crean estos bienes y servicios se puede llegar a percibir como lujo ya que crean un ecosistema y una atm&#243;sfera de opulencia y abundancia. La ropa, los accesorios, los bolsos y el equipaje de alta costura son los art&#237;culos de lujo m&#225;s comunes, pero tambi&#233;n encontramos en el segmento de lujo bienes como: autom&#243;viles, barcos, relojes, joyer&#237;a, vinos, comida, etc. Otros apartados que se pueden entrar en esta categor&#237;a podr&#237;an ser el inmobiliario, el de ocio, el deportivo, el de resorts y el vacacional.</p><p>El lujo es una declaraci&#243;n para el mundo de que una persona tiene &#233;xito.</p><p>La calidad de vida de muchos puede estar directamente asociada con el costo de la ropa y accesorios que poseen creando as&#237; ese estilo de vida que anteriormente he mencionado.</p><p>Siempre habr&#225; demanda de art&#237;culos de lujo fabricados con calidad que puedan durar d&#233;cadas y por los cuales haya gente dispuesta a pagar una cantidad ingente de dinero.</p><p><strong>CARACTER&#205;STICAS GENERALES DEL LUJO</strong>:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Calidad:</strong> La fabricaci&#243;n de bienes y la oferta de servicios especializados, siempre requieren de priorizar una mejor calidad que los bienes y servicios de menor precio. Esta calidad garantiza la confiabilidad y la durabilidad&nbsp; de los productos y los clientes generan adherencia y apego a las marcas de los mismos.</p></li></ul><ul><li><p><strong>Escasez</strong>: Un producto de lujo no debe estar disponible en todo momento y en todo lugar, sino ser dif&#237;cil de conseguir, lo cual le otorga se&#241;al de rareza. Esto se logra mediante la limitaci&#243;n de la producci&#243;n y la oferta de las unidades en venta en las diversas regiones y establecimientos.</p></li></ul><ul><li><p><strong>Precio:</strong> Es posible que incluso algunos productos no sean de mejor calidad que algunos productos de menor precio, no obstante el precio m&#225;s alto los har&#225; a simple vista m&#225;s exclusivos, ya que solo los clientes m&#225;s ricos pueden acceder a ellos y el ser humano posee el sesgo de asociar los productos m&#225;s costosos con productos mejor elaborados y de mayor calidad.</p></li></ul><p>En general los productos de lujo tienen caracter&#237;sticas m&#225;s que necesarias en comparaci&#243;n con otros productos de su categor&#237;a, que incluyen su nivel relativamente alto de precio, calidad, est&#233;tica, rareza, extraordinariedad.</p><p>La mayor&#237;a de las marcas de moda de lujo son rentables debido a la idea b&#225;sica de que sus productos ofrecen m&#225;s valor que los productos de otras marcas de la misma categor&#237;a. Esencialmente, las marcas de moda de lujo luchan entre s&#237;, utilizando la demanda y el deseo como armas,&nbsp; ya que los productos que venden deben ser lo suficientemente exclusivos como para tener el t&#237;tulo de productos o servicios de lujo pero a la par tienen que satisfacer la demanda y cumplir con las expectativas.</p><p>Una marca de lujo va mucho m&#225;s all&#225; de lo tangible, representa una serie de significados sociales y culturales concretos, transmitidos de generaci&#243;n en generaci&#243;n.</p><p>Dadas las diferencias de riqueza y clase social que existen entre las sociedades, los consumidores quieren aspirar a productos de lujo por diversas razones; Podemos distinguir entre las caracter&#237;sticas intr&#237;nsecas del producto (materiales,calidad) y las caracter&#237;sticas psicol&#243;gicas o cognitivas del consumidor, que est&#225;n relacionadas con la percepci&#243;n del consumidor de c&#243;mo la marca se relaciona con su propia imagen.</p><p>Estas caracter&#237;sticas psicol&#243;gicas se refieren a los valores humanos y estilos de vida que superan los beneficios funcionales. Estas pueden ser consideradas como la espiritualizaci&#243;n de un producto que encarna ideolog&#237;as ic&#243;nicas y temporales independientemente de su caracter&#237;sticas intr&#237;nsecas. Un ejemplo podr&#237;an ser las caracter&#237;sticas de, est&#233;tica y precio del producto, los cuales se pueden categorizar como componentes b&#225;sicos de los atributos cognitivos del consumidor. Otra podr&#237;a ser la&nbsp; exclusividad, la cual tendr&#237;a dos formas:</p><p><strong>Concreta y Virtual</strong>: La exclusividad concreta se relaciona con las limitaciones f&#237;sicas en la capacidad de producci&#243;n, creando valor para aquellos consumidores que tienen acceso a productos escasos. En cambio la exclusividad virtual es utilizada por aquellas empresas que utilizan estrategias selectivas de distribuci&#243;n y marketing para crear valor a trav&#233;s de una accesibilidad limitada que puede ser manipulada artificialmente.</p><p>Todos estos sesgos psicol&#243;gicos se pueden apreciar de forma m&#225;s clara a continuaci&#243;n&nbsp;en el modelo de&nbsp;la pir&#225;mide de BECKER :</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HdsL!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F39f1227c-881e-4d11-96ef-476f175059f1_762x502.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HdsL!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F39f1227c-881e-4d11-96ef-476f175059f1_762x502.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HdsL!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F39f1227c-881e-4d11-96ef-476f175059f1_762x502.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HdsL!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F39f1227c-881e-4d11-96ef-476f175059f1_762x502.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HdsL!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F39f1227c-881e-4d11-96ef-476f175059f1_762x502.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HdsL!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F39f1227c-881e-4d11-96ef-476f175059f1_762x502.png" width="597" height="393.2992125984252" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/39f1227c-881e-4d11-96ef-476f175059f1_762x502.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:502,&quot;width&quot;:762,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:597,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HdsL!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F39f1227c-881e-4d11-96ef-476f175059f1_762x502.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HdsL!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F39f1227c-881e-4d11-96ef-476f175059f1_762x502.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HdsL!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F39f1227c-881e-4d11-96ef-476f175059f1_762x502.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HdsL!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F39f1227c-881e-4d11-96ef-476f175059f1_762x502.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: Koreascience.kr</p><p>El modelo de marca de lujo de BECKER define tres categor&#237;as principales de la relaci&#243;n de la marca de lujo del consumidor, cada una de las cuales explora c&#243;mo el consumidor ha desarrollado un aspecto espec&#237;fico de la relaci&#243;n de la marca de lujo del consumidor en torno a un conjunto de variables de relaci&#243;n.</p><p>Estas variables incluyen aspectos de seguridad, confiabilidad, confianza y responsabilidad. En un nivel secundario, los consumidores utilizan los productos de lujo como una se&#241;al extr&#237;nseca de un estatus social m&#225;s alto y una asociaci&#243;n con grupos sociales espec&#237;ficos de consumidores, apoy&#225;ndose en la exclusividad y las caracter&#237;sticas f&#237;sicas extraordinarias para crear una conexi&#243;n con uno mismo.</p><p>Muchos compradores primerizos de prendas de lujo optan por que los productos experimenten una alta calidad y retraten una determinada imagen en la sociedad. La mayor&#237;a de las veces, esto se convierte en lealtad a la marca y, como resultado, no les importa gastar una cantidad adicional para comprar sus marcas favoritas.</p><p>Las marcas de lujo conocidas presentan una alta consistencia en la calidad del producto pero se preocupan m&#225;s por el sentimiento del consumidor. Esto contribuye al desarrollo y a la evoluci&#243;n de las marcas.&nbsp;</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PSo4!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F49393902-6d36-45ef-bb5a-16c470f3b7dc_602x680.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PSo4!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F49393902-6d36-45ef-bb5a-16c470f3b7dc_602x680.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PSo4!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F49393902-6d36-45ef-bb5a-16c470f3b7dc_602x680.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PSo4!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F49393902-6d36-45ef-bb5a-16c470f3b7dc_602x680.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PSo4!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F49393902-6d36-45ef-bb5a-16c470f3b7dc_602x680.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PSo4!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F49393902-6d36-45ef-bb5a-16c470f3b7dc_602x680.png" width="282" height="318.53820598006644" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/49393902-6d36-45ef-bb5a-16c470f3b7dc_602x680.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:680,&quot;width&quot;:602,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:282,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PSo4!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F49393902-6d36-45ef-bb5a-16c470f3b7dc_602x680.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PSo4!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F49393902-6d36-45ef-bb5a-16c470f3b7dc_602x680.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PSo4!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F49393902-6d36-45ef-bb5a-16c470f3b7dc_602x680.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PSo4!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F49393902-6d36-45ef-bb5a-16c470f3b7dc_602x680.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>La industria de la moda y el lujo ha sido criticada durante mucho tiempo por el impacto ambiental de sus procesos de producci&#243;n y pr&#225;cticas de consumo. De ah&#237; que cada vez m&#225;s empresas incluyan principios de sostenibilidad en sus estrategias centrales, convirti&#233;ndolo en un nuevo paradigma de concebir el lujo siguiendo criterios ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) y aplicando el concepto de ser &#8220;sostenible por dise&#241;o&#8221;. Este t&#233;rmino se refiere a los productos que se crean para cumplir con los principios de sostenibilidad desde las etapas iniciales del dise&#241;o del producto. De acuerdo con este principio, los productos se fabrican utilizando predominantemente recursos renovables y materias primas innovadoras, de manera de reducir su impacto en el medio ambiente.</p><p>La visi&#243;n de LVMH de un "nuevo lujo" se materializa en la estrategia LIFE 360 lanzada en abril de 2021. LIFE 360 marcar&#225; las elecciones del Grupo para la pr&#243;xima d&#233;cada, estableciendo "una nueva alianza entre la naturaleza y la creatividad". Esta estrategia incluye diferentes objetivos a alcanzar en los a&#241;os 2023, 2026 y 2030, con planes de acci&#243;n centrados en la circularidad creativa, la trazabilidad, la biodiversidad y el clima.</p><p>LVMH est&#225; adoptando un enfoque diferente para el mercado de segunda mano, lanzando su propia plataforma de reventa en l&#237;nea Nona Source para obtener materiales de las Maisons de moda y art&#237;culos de cuero del grupo. Nona Source es un movimiento hacia la circularidad, que ofrece acceso a telas y cueros de alta calidad a precios competitivos para apoyar la reutilizaci&#243;n creativa de materiales. Esta plataforma est&#225; impulsada por tecnolog&#237;as digitales avanzadas que permiten datos de color de alta fidelidad y una experiencia sensorial digital.</p><p><strong>Mercado total direccionable ( Total Addressable Market )</strong>.</p><p>En cuanto a la estimaci&#243;n del mercado potencial y los crecimientos de los diferentes segmentos de esta sector podemos empezar mostrando como la a industria de AF&amp;L (Apparel, Fashion &amp; Luxury ) ha tenido un s&#243;lido desempe&#241;o durante la &#250;ltima d&#233;cada, siendo el 70 % de las empresas de AF&amp;L m&#225;s grandes del mundo las que han generado rendimientos superiores al 10 % desde 2016. Seg&#250;n el an&#225;lisis de Capital IQ de diciembre de 2021, el mercado mundial de prendas de vestir estaba yendo favorablemente bien en comparaci&#243;n con la mayor&#237;a de los dem&#225;s sectores, con rendimientos para los accionistas del AF&amp;L superiores a los del S&amp;P 500 ,a los el sector tecnol&#243;gico, al del sector minorista e&nbsp; incluso superiores respecto al &#237;ndice mundial MSCI World.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CeFc!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3bb387eb-08bb-40be-a770-00fae1d837be_745x546.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CeFc!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3bb387eb-08bb-40be-a770-00fae1d837be_745x546.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CeFc!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3bb387eb-08bb-40be-a770-00fae1d837be_745x546.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CeFc!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3bb387eb-08bb-40be-a770-00fae1d837be_745x546.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CeFc!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3bb387eb-08bb-40be-a770-00fae1d837be_745x546.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CeFc!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3bb387eb-08bb-40be-a770-00fae1d837be_745x546.png" width="557" height="408.2174496644295" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3bb387eb-08bb-40be-a770-00fae1d837be_745x546.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:546,&quot;width&quot;:745,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:557,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CeFc!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3bb387eb-08bb-40be-a770-00fae1d837be_745x546.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CeFc!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3bb387eb-08bb-40be-a770-00fae1d837be_745x546.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CeFc!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3bb387eb-08bb-40be-a770-00fae1d837be_745x546.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CeFc!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3bb387eb-08bb-40be-a770-00fae1d837be_745x546.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: Capital IQ - McKinsey analysis</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!98z_!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F90f0dad0-2d78-46c7-85ee-373c39209806_1440x810.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!98z_!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F90f0dad0-2d78-46c7-85ee-373c39209806_1440x810.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!98z_!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F90f0dad0-2d78-46c7-85ee-373c39209806_1440x810.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!98z_!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F90f0dad0-2d78-46c7-85ee-373c39209806_1440x810.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!98z_!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F90f0dad0-2d78-46c7-85ee-373c39209806_1440x810.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!98z_!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F90f0dad0-2d78-46c7-85ee-373c39209806_1440x810.png" width="549" height="308.8125" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/90f0dad0-2d78-46c7-85ee-373c39209806_1440x810.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:810,&quot;width&quot;:1440,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:549,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!98z_!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F90f0dad0-2d78-46c7-85ee-373c39209806_1440x810.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!98z_!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F90f0dad0-2d78-46c7-85ee-373c39209806_1440x810.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!98z_!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F90f0dad0-2d78-46c7-85ee-373c39209806_1440x810.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!98z_!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F90f0dad0-2d78-46c7-85ee-373c39209806_1440x810.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: Bain &amp; Company</p><p>Se estima que el sector AF&amp;L crezca de forma constante y sostenida hasta 2030 entre un 5%-10% dependiendo de la fuente que consultemos. La naturaleza de sus productos hacen que estos tengan una demanda constante debido principalmente al aumento de la poblaci&#243;n de clase media-alta mundial.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BrzP!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff9c9d361-17cb-4953-b055-596465a51038_1440x810.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BrzP!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff9c9d361-17cb-4953-b055-596465a51038_1440x810.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BrzP!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff9c9d361-17cb-4953-b055-596465a51038_1440x810.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BrzP!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff9c9d361-17cb-4953-b055-596465a51038_1440x810.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BrzP!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff9c9d361-17cb-4953-b055-596465a51038_1440x810.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BrzP!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff9c9d361-17cb-4953-b055-596465a51038_1440x810.png" width="621" height="349.3125" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f9c9d361-17cb-4953-b055-596465a51038_1440x810.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:810,&quot;width&quot;:1440,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:621,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BrzP!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff9c9d361-17cb-4953-b055-596465a51038_1440x810.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BrzP!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff9c9d361-17cb-4953-b055-596465a51038_1440x810.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BrzP!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff9c9d361-17cb-4953-b055-596465a51038_1440x810.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BrzP!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff9c9d361-17cb-4953-b055-596465a51038_1440x810.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: Bain &amp; Company</p><p>Este crecimiento de la clase media vendr&#225; dado principalmente por la parte de la moda y Asia jugar&#225; un papel decisivo en el performance y desarrollo del sector ya que solo en 2022 creci&#243; un 12%. De hecho podr&#237;amos decir que estar invertido en muchas de&nbsp; las empresas del sector lujo es estar expuesto al crecimiento de China. Se trata de una forma m&#225;s conservadora e ingeniosa de estar expuesto a la econom&#237;a de pa&#237;ses asi&#225;ticos pero con un riesgo muy limitado a la baja. No solo LVMH, sino tambi&#233;n compa&#241;&#237;as como Kering, o Moncler tienen entre un 30-50% de ingresos que dependen directamente de estas regiones.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZiRU!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F96beb5bd-d793-4bf5-a529-ac06fe2ff41c_1440x810.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZiRU!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F96beb5bd-d793-4bf5-a529-ac06fe2ff41c_1440x810.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZiRU!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F96beb5bd-d793-4bf5-a529-ac06fe2ff41c_1440x810.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZiRU!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F96beb5bd-d793-4bf5-a529-ac06fe2ff41c_1440x810.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZiRU!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F96beb5bd-d793-4bf5-a529-ac06fe2ff41c_1440x810.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZiRU!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F96beb5bd-d793-4bf5-a529-ac06fe2ff41c_1440x810.png" width="623" height="350.4375" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/96beb5bd-d793-4bf5-a529-ac06fe2ff41c_1440x810.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:810,&quot;width&quot;:1440,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:623,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZiRU!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F96beb5bd-d793-4bf5-a529-ac06fe2ff41c_1440x810.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZiRU!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F96beb5bd-d793-4bf5-a529-ac06fe2ff41c_1440x810.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZiRU!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F96beb5bd-d793-4bf5-a529-ac06fe2ff41c_1440x810.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZiRU!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F96beb5bd-d793-4bf5-a529-ac06fe2ff41c_1440x810.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: Bain &amp; Company</p><p>Por otra parte dentro del sector, podemos ver como seg&#250;n (Bain &amp; Company ) en 2021 el mercado de art&#237;culos de lujo era en su totalidad de &#8364;250-300B y LVMH consigui&#243; una ventas anuales de &#8364;64.2B lo que equivaldr&#237;a a una cuota de mercado del 25%, muy por encima de sus dos competidores m&#225;s cercanos los cuales ser&#237;an Kering SA y The Estee Lauder Companies, ambos con unas cuotas de mercado del 7%.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sMGx!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d3e2366-090a-46b1-a579-e50995d10aa6_1200x1418.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sMGx!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d3e2366-090a-46b1-a579-e50995d10aa6_1200x1418.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sMGx!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d3e2366-090a-46b1-a579-e50995d10aa6_1200x1418.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sMGx!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d3e2366-090a-46b1-a579-e50995d10aa6_1200x1418.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sMGx!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d3e2366-090a-46b1-a579-e50995d10aa6_1200x1418.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sMGx!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d3e2366-090a-46b1-a579-e50995d10aa6_1200x1418.png" width="469" height="554.2016666666667" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/6d3e2366-090a-46b1-a579-e50995d10aa6_1200x1418.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1418,&quot;width&quot;:1200,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:469,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sMGx!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d3e2366-090a-46b1-a579-e50995d10aa6_1200x1418.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sMGx!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d3e2366-090a-46b1-a579-e50995d10aa6_1200x1418.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sMGx!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d3e2366-090a-46b1-a579-e50995d10aa6_1200x1418.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sMGx!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d3e2366-090a-46b1-a579-e50995d10aa6_1200x1418.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: Statista</p><p>Empresas de moda de lujo bien conocidas, que son competidores directos de LVMH son las siguientes marcas: Chanel, Gucci, Moncler, Richemont, Hermes, Estee Lauder, Prada y Burberry.</p><p>Tambi&#233;n podemos ver como LVMH, adem&#225;s de ser el l&#237;der indiscutible del mercado,&nbsp; encabez&#243; el ranking como la marca con m&#225;s valor en 2021, con una valoraci&#243;n total de $75.7B, denotando su fortaleza respecto a sus competidores.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Q3t3!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F82ae6fc8-4b49-45f0-b025-cd9324073fd8_972x370.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Q3t3!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F82ae6fc8-4b49-45f0-b025-cd9324073fd8_972x370.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Q3t3!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F82ae6fc8-4b49-45f0-b025-cd9324073fd8_972x370.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Q3t3!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F82ae6fc8-4b49-45f0-b025-cd9324073fd8_972x370.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Q3t3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F82ae6fc8-4b49-45f0-b025-cd9324073fd8_972x370.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Q3t3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F82ae6fc8-4b49-45f0-b025-cd9324073fd8_972x370.png" width="707" height="269.1255144032922" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/82ae6fc8-4b49-45f0-b025-cd9324073fd8_972x370.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:370,&quot;width&quot;:972,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:707,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Q3t3!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F82ae6fc8-4b49-45f0-b025-cd9324073fd8_972x370.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Q3t3!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F82ae6fc8-4b49-45f0-b025-cd9324073fd8_972x370.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Q3t3!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F82ae6fc8-4b49-45f0-b025-cd9324073fd8_972x370.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Q3t3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F82ae6fc8-4b49-45f0-b025-cd9324073fd8_972x370.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente : Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited: Global Powers of Luxury Goods 2022</p><p>Para hacernos una idea del tama&#241;o y relevancia de LVMH podemos ver como en Francia (2021) representa el 52% de las ventas del sector del lujo.</p><p>Sin ning&#250;n tipo de duda LVMH lidera el sector en todos los &#225;mbitos y aspectos (ventas, m&#225;rgenes..etc), como podemos ver a continuaci&#243;n en la siguiente gr&#225;fica.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BquP!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F907140d8-65ce-4274-8453-65fe78c5be19_850x517.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BquP!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F907140d8-65ce-4274-8453-65fe78c5be19_850x517.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BquP!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F907140d8-65ce-4274-8453-65fe78c5be19_850x517.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BquP!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F907140d8-65ce-4274-8453-65fe78c5be19_850x517.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BquP!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F907140d8-65ce-4274-8453-65fe78c5be19_850x517.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BquP!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F907140d8-65ce-4274-8453-65fe78c5be19_850x517.png" width="850" height="517" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/907140d8-65ce-4274-8453-65fe78c5be19_850x517.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:517,&quot;width&quot;:850,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BquP!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F907140d8-65ce-4274-8453-65fe78c5be19_850x517.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BquP!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F907140d8-65ce-4274-8453-65fe78c5be19_850x517.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BquP!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F907140d8-65ce-4274-8453-65fe78c5be19_850x517.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BquP!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F907140d8-65ce-4274-8453-65fe78c5be19_850x517.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente : Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited: Global Powers of Luxury Goods 2022</p><p>Por otra parte, a pesar de las condiciones de recesi&#243;n que se esperan en las principales econom&#237;as en 2023, los art&#237;culos personales de lujo deber&#237;an experimentar una mayor expansi&#243;n.</p><p>El impacto de una posible recesi&#243;n mundial en la industria en 2023 podr&#237;a diferir del impacto de la crisis financiera mundial de 2008&#8211;09. El mercado de lujo ahora parece estar mejor equipado para hacer frente a las turbulencias econ&#243;micas, gracias a una base de consumidores que es m&#225;s grande y m&#225;s concentrada en los mejores clientes que son menos sensibles a las recesiones.</p><p>Como resultado, podr&#237;an desarrollarse dos escenarios en 2023, con un crecimiento de las ventas en el mercado de art&#237;culos personales de lujo que oscila entre el 3 % y el 5 % en el caso base y entre el 6 % y el 8 % (a tipos de cambio constantes) en un caso m&#225;s positivo. caso, dependiendo de la fuerza de la recuperaci&#243;n econ&#243;mica en China y la capacidad de EE. UU. y Europa para resistir los vientos en contra econ&#243;micos.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7zHA!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F141c02a3-3947-488b-9a68-e6d89d9aab2d_863x637.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7zHA!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F141c02a3-3947-488b-9a68-e6d89d9aab2d_863x637.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7zHA!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F141c02a3-3947-488b-9a68-e6d89d9aab2d_863x637.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7zHA!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F141c02a3-3947-488b-9a68-e6d89d9aab2d_863x637.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7zHA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F141c02a3-3947-488b-9a68-e6d89d9aab2d_863x637.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7zHA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F141c02a3-3947-488b-9a68-e6d89d9aab2d_863x637.png" width="669" height="493.80417149478563" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/141c02a3-3947-488b-9a68-e6d89d9aab2d_863x637.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:637,&quot;width&quot;:863,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:669,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7zHA!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F141c02a3-3947-488b-9a68-e6d89d9aab2d_863x637.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7zHA!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F141c02a3-3947-488b-9a68-e6d89d9aab2d_863x637.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7zHA!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F141c02a3-3947-488b-9a68-e6d89d9aab2d_863x637.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7zHA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F141c02a3-3947-488b-9a68-e6d89d9aab2d_863x637.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente : Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited: Global Powers of Luxury Goods 2022.</p><h1><strong>3. AN&#193;LISIS DE LA EMPRESA</strong></h1><p>Tal y como hemos mencionado se trata de la compa&#241;&#237;a de art&#237;culos de lujo m&#225;s grande del mundo. LVMH actualmente posee 76 marcas de lujo diversificadas en categor&#237;as como la moda cosm&#233;ticos, joyas, vinos&#8230;etc&nbsp;</p><p>Algunas de sus marcas m&#225;s famosas incluyen Louis Vuitton, Dior, Fendi, Givenchy y Bulgari.</p><div id="youtube2-IQ2Q3f3MW-g" class="youtube-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;videoId&quot;:&quot;IQ2Q3f3MW-g&quot;,&quot;startTime&quot;:&quot;73s&quot;,&quot;endTime&quot;:null}" data-component-name="Youtube2ToDOM"><div class="youtube-inner"><iframe src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/IQ2Q3f3MW-g?start=73s&amp;rel=0&amp;autoplay=0&amp;showinfo=0&amp;enablejsapi=0" frameborder="0" loading="lazy" gesture="media" allow="autoplay; fullscreen" allowautoplay="true" allowfullscreen="true" width="728" height="409"></iframe></div></div><p>Bernard Arnault dio al grupo una visi&#243;n clara: convertirse en el l&#237;der mundial en lujo, con una filosof&#237;a resumida en su lema &#8220;Apasionado de la creatividad&#8221;.&nbsp;</p><p>LVMH parte de un esp&#237;ritu de familia respaldado por una inquebrantable visi&#243;n corporativa a largo plazo. La creatividad y la innovaci&#243;n son parte del ADN de la compa&#241;&#237;a, a lo largo de los a&#241;os han sido las claves del &#233;xito de sus marcas y la base de su reputaci&#243;n. Se busca un equilibrio entre renovar continuamente su oferta y seguir mirando hacia el futuro, respetando siempre sus principios.&nbsp;</p><p>Las personas con talento se mantienen en el grupo ofreciendo posiciones en otras marcas dentro del grupo. Para ilustrar esto: "dos tercios de las vacantes gerenciales en las marcas de LVMH est&#225;n ocupadas por personas dentro de LVMH". Otra t&#225;ctica que utiliza LVMH es volver a contratar a ex empleados que han dejado la empresa por un competidor u otra industria.</p><p>LVMH tiene suficientes recursos para afrontar un escenario de recesi&#243;n y aprovechar las oportunidades que generan, realizando posibles adquisiciones ( M &amp; A ) y ganar a&#250;n m&#225;s cuota de mercado.</p><p>Para poner en contexto la resistencia del negocio as&#237; como su resiliencia cito textualmente a Bernard Arnault:</p><div class="pullquote"><p><em>&#8220;Durante estos a&#241;os dif&#237;ciles marcados por la crisis econ&#243;mica en parte y sobre todo por la crisis sanitaria aumentamos nuestra cuota de mercado. LVMH est&#225; ganando cuota de mercado y progresando, y as&#237; ha sido desde 2019. El crecimiento org&#225;nico es muy significativo. El crecimiento reportado de la mayor&#237;a de nuestras marcas es igual para cada una de nuestras divisiones, tenemos creatividad e innovaci&#243;n que nos permite estar en la situaci&#243;n en la que estamos&#8221;</em></p></div><blockquote><p><em>&#8220;En 2022, reclutamos en todo el mundo a cerca de 40.000 j&#243;venes. En Francia, contratamos a m&#225;s de 15 000 personas, lo que convierte al grupo en el principal reclutador de Francia en 2022, el grupo invirti&#243; m&#225;s de 200 millones de euros en la formaci&#243;n de sus empleados. En Francia, un trabajo creado por LVMH, genera 4 en nuestros socios o proveedores&#8221;.</em></p></blockquote><p>Estas declaraciones no son m&#225;s que otra muestra del crecimiento que espera la compa&#241;&#237;a as&#237; como de su ventaja respecto a sus competidores.</p><h2><strong>3.1. Fundamentales</strong></h2><p>Por lo general vemos unas m&#233;tricas muy buenas y estables propias de una empresa de tal calibre. El sector ha crecido durante los &#250;ltimos 20 a&#241;os a tasas del 6% anual, mientras que LVMH lo ha hecho al 8-10%, lo cual ya es un fiel indicador de que crece por encima de la media.&nbsp;</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0KMt!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe5816988-2f00-41d7-baf0-f311e825a6a2_900x685.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0KMt!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe5816988-2f00-41d7-baf0-f311e825a6a2_900x685.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0KMt!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe5816988-2f00-41d7-baf0-f311e825a6a2_900x685.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0KMt!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe5816988-2f00-41d7-baf0-f311e825a6a2_900x685.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0KMt!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe5816988-2f00-41d7-baf0-f311e825a6a2_900x685.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0KMt!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe5816988-2f00-41d7-baf0-f311e825a6a2_900x685.png" width="900" height="685" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e5816988-2f00-41d7-baf0-f311e825a6a2_900x685.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:685,&quot;width&quot;:900,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0KMt!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe5816988-2f00-41d7-baf0-f311e825a6a2_900x685.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0KMt!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe5816988-2f00-41d7-baf0-f311e825a6a2_900x685.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0KMt!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe5816988-2f00-41d7-baf0-f311e825a6a2_900x685.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0KMt!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe5816988-2f00-41d7-baf0-f311e825a6a2_900x685.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: Consultancy.eu</p><p>Por otra parte, los ingresos del sector cayeron aproximadamente un 23% en 2020, mientras que los de LVMH cayeron un 17%, manteniendo unos m&#225;rgenes Ebit y ebitda en su media hist&#243;rica.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!w_RF!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F99065b4f-0224-450b-a731-5d16e58dd29c_898x437.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!w_RF!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F99065b4f-0224-450b-a731-5d16e58dd29c_898x437.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!w_RF!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F99065b4f-0224-450b-a731-5d16e58dd29c_898x437.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!w_RF!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F99065b4f-0224-450b-a731-5d16e58dd29c_898x437.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!w_RF!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F99065b4f-0224-450b-a731-5d16e58dd29c_898x437.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!w_RF!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F99065b4f-0224-450b-a731-5d16e58dd29c_898x437.png" width="898" height="437" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/99065b4f-0224-450b-a731-5d16e58dd29c_898x437.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:437,&quot;width&quot;:898,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!w_RF!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F99065b4f-0224-450b-a731-5d16e58dd29c_898x437.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!w_RF!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F99065b4f-0224-450b-a731-5d16e58dd29c_898x437.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!w_RF!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F99065b4f-0224-450b-a731-5d16e58dd29c_898x437.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!w_RF!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F99065b4f-0224-450b-a731-5d16e58dd29c_898x437.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: TIKR</p><p>Tiene unas m&#233;tricas excelentes, poco hace falta comentar de la eficacia y eficiencia a la hora de gestionar el capital, la deuda y el retorno por euro invertido que genera esta compa&#241;&#237;a.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kLdH!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F93d39e44-89b2-4768-af6c-5fde5199828f_736x253.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kLdH!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F93d39e44-89b2-4768-af6c-5fde5199828f_736x253.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kLdH!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F93d39e44-89b2-4768-af6c-5fde5199828f_736x253.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kLdH!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F93d39e44-89b2-4768-af6c-5fde5199828f_736x253.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kLdH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F93d39e44-89b2-4768-af6c-5fde5199828f_736x253.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kLdH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F93d39e44-89b2-4768-af6c-5fde5199828f_736x253.png" width="727" height="249.90625" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/93d39e44-89b2-4768-af6c-5fde5199828f_736x253.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:253,&quot;width&quot;:736,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:727,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kLdH!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F93d39e44-89b2-4768-af6c-5fde5199828f_736x253.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kLdH!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F93d39e44-89b2-4768-af6c-5fde5199828f_736x253.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kLdH!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F93d39e44-89b2-4768-af6c-5fde5199828f_736x253.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kLdH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F93d39e44-89b2-4768-af6c-5fde5199828f_736x253.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: Elaboraci&#243;n propia</p><p>En 2022 la compa&#241;&#237;a present&#243; resultados r&#233;cord, sorprendiendo en gran medida&nbsp; al mercado,&nbsp; que esperaba resultados m&#225;s modestos debido a la dificultad que representaba el a&#241;o en cuesti&#243;n para todo tipo de compa&#241;&#237;as que ya ven&#237;an de a&#241;os dif&#237;ciles.</p><p>(conflictos b&#233;licos, subida de tipos de inter&#233;s, as&#237; como una restrictiva pol&#237;tica de movimiento, frente a la pandemia en algunas regiones clave tales como Asia).</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YeTR!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4857c6b0-09b3-49c5-b1f8-04827d1ceb9c_899x642.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YeTR!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4857c6b0-09b3-49c5-b1f8-04827d1ceb9c_899x642.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YeTR!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4857c6b0-09b3-49c5-b1f8-04827d1ceb9c_899x642.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YeTR!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4857c6b0-09b3-49c5-b1f8-04827d1ceb9c_899x642.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YeTR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4857c6b0-09b3-49c5-b1f8-04827d1ceb9c_899x642.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YeTR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4857c6b0-09b3-49c5-b1f8-04827d1ceb9c_899x642.png" width="899" height="642" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/4857c6b0-09b3-49c5-b1f8-04827d1ceb9c_899x642.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:642,&quot;width&quot;:899,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YeTR!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4857c6b0-09b3-49c5-b1f8-04827d1ceb9c_899x642.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YeTR!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4857c6b0-09b3-49c5-b1f8-04827d1ceb9c_899x642.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YeTR!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4857c6b0-09b3-49c5-b1f8-04827d1ceb9c_899x642.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YeTR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4857c6b0-09b3-49c5-b1f8-04827d1ceb9c_899x642.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Las ventas han crecido respecto 2021 un 23%, de los cuales un 17% ha sido org&#225;nicamente y un 6% ha sido de forma inorg&#225;nica.&nbsp;</p><p>Tambi&#233;n podemos observar c&#243;mo ha logrado mantener un margen del 26,6% en 2022 vs un margen del 26,7% en 2021, demostrando su capacidad de fijaci&#243;n de precios y fidelizaci&#243;n de clientes.</p><p>Finalmente el beneficio neto ha aumentado un 17%. Esto le ha seguido permitiendo reinvertir en su negocio, reducir su deuda, as&#237; como recomprar sus acciones y mantener su dividendo.&nbsp;</p><p>En el caso de LVMH, el inventario crece al mismo ritmo que las ventas, lo cual nos indica que <strong>no </strong>se est&#225; acumulando inventario en los almacenes que despu&#233;s se tendr&#237;a que vender con descuento. Sin embargo s&#237; que podemos observar una gran variaci&#243;n en el working capital este 2022. Esta excepci&#243;n se ha dado principalmente a la gran demanda sufrida (necesidad de reabastecimiento), lo que afecta ligeramente el FCF,&nbsp; el cual teniendo en cuenta este factor ha disminuido un 25,2%.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sluT!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2e0645a6-76d3-4b60-9d8e-7755e8aa5874_1146x303.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sluT!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2e0645a6-76d3-4b60-9d8e-7755e8aa5874_1146x303.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sluT!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2e0645a6-76d3-4b60-9d8e-7755e8aa5874_1146x303.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sluT!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2e0645a6-76d3-4b60-9d8e-7755e8aa5874_1146x303.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sluT!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2e0645a6-76d3-4b60-9d8e-7755e8aa5874_1146x303.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sluT!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2e0645a6-76d3-4b60-9d8e-7755e8aa5874_1146x303.png" width="1146" height="303" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/2e0645a6-76d3-4b60-9d8e-7755e8aa5874_1146x303.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:303,&quot;width&quot;:1146,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sluT!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2e0645a6-76d3-4b60-9d8e-7755e8aa5874_1146x303.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sluT!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2e0645a6-76d3-4b60-9d8e-7755e8aa5874_1146x303.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sluT!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2e0645a6-76d3-4b60-9d8e-7755e8aa5874_1146x303.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sluT!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2e0645a6-76d3-4b60-9d8e-7755e8aa5874_1146x303.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: Annual Report 2022 LVMH</p><p>Profundizando en sus cuentas podemos observar que han emitido un poco de deuda, aunque pretenden mantener los mismos niveles, debido a la reciente situaci&#243;n de subida de tipos de inter&#233;s, la cual pone presi&#243;n al pedir prestado dinero.</p><p>Teniendo este factor en cuenta en 2022 ,han pagado pr&#225;cticamente la misma cantidad de deuda que la emitida, siguiendo su perfil conservador a la hora de apalancarse.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GiEK!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdd134388-2128-4c74-8b72-402c1a26fa50_1132x233.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GiEK!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdd134388-2128-4c74-8b72-402c1a26fa50_1132x233.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GiEK!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdd134388-2128-4c74-8b72-402c1a26fa50_1132x233.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GiEK!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdd134388-2128-4c74-8b72-402c1a26fa50_1132x233.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GiEK!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdd134388-2128-4c74-8b72-402c1a26fa50_1132x233.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GiEK!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdd134388-2128-4c74-8b72-402c1a26fa50_1132x233.png" width="1132" height="233" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/dd134388-2128-4c74-8b72-402c1a26fa50_1132x233.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:233,&quot;width&quot;:1132,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GiEK!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdd134388-2128-4c74-8b72-402c1a26fa50_1132x233.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GiEK!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdd134388-2128-4c74-8b72-402c1a26fa50_1132x233.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GiEK!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdd134388-2128-4c74-8b72-402c1a26fa50_1132x233.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GiEK!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdd134388-2128-4c74-8b72-402c1a26fa50_1132x233.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: Annual Report 2022 LVMH</p><h2><strong>3.2. Negocio</strong></h2><h4><strong>Modelo de negocio</strong></h4><p>LVMH deber&#237;a ser por definici&#243;n un negocio econ&#243;micamente c&#237;clico. Cuando la riqueza de las personas crece, la empresa deber&#237;a ganar m&#225;s, pues la gente estar&#237;a dispuesta a comprar m&#225;s de sus productos, y cuando las cosas van mal, deber&#237;an disminuir las ventas y el beneficio debido al relentizamiento general del gasto y de la econom&#237;a. La realidad, sin embargo, es muy diferente, la familia Arnault ha construido un negocio que contin&#250;a creciendo con fuerza a pesar del dif&#237;cil entorno macroecon&#243;mico, otorgando un destacable rendimiento a medio y largo plazo.</p><p>Al contrario de lo que se pueda creer, LVMH es m&#225;s que capaz de desempe&#241;arse bien en condiciones econ&#243;micas dif&#237;ciles. Por otro lado, LVMH es una de las mejores empresas del mundo en la comercializaci&#243;n de sus productos. Este hecho es en gran medida atribuible a la directiva, la cual desarroll&#243; una estrategia exitosa y ejecut&#243; la expansi&#243;n del negocio a trav&#233;s de fusiones y adquisiciones.</p><p>Este profundo conocimiento del mercado ha permitido a LVMH adquirir buenos negocios e integrarlos dentro del grupo.</p><p>&nbsp;La estrategia es simple: Adquieren empresas con marcas de renombre ,que tienen problemas transitorios y que no est&#225;n ejecutando todo su potencial.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BN9x!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9a3a8a9a-a713-4243-9b9c-c12d3d192953_1600x951.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BN9x!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9a3a8a9a-a713-4243-9b9c-c12d3d192953_1600x951.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BN9x!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9a3a8a9a-a713-4243-9b9c-c12d3d192953_1600x951.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BN9x!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9a3a8a9a-a713-4243-9b9c-c12d3d192953_1600x951.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BN9x!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9a3a8a9a-a713-4243-9b9c-c12d3d192953_1600x951.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BN9x!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9a3a8a9a-a713-4243-9b9c-c12d3d192953_1600x951.png" width="681" height="404.5776098901099" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/9a3a8a9a-a713-4243-9b9c-c12d3d192953_1600x951.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:865,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:681,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BN9x!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9a3a8a9a-a713-4243-9b9c-c12d3d192953_1600x951.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BN9x!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9a3a8a9a-a713-4243-9b9c-c12d3d192953_1600x951.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BN9x!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9a3a8a9a-a713-4243-9b9c-c12d3d192953_1600x951.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BN9x!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9a3a8a9a-a713-4243-9b9c-c12d3d192953_1600x951.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: @Quartr_App </p><p>La pertenencia de un amplio n&#250;mero de marcas dentro del conglomerado favorece las econom&#237;as de escala, ya que al trabajar con un gran volumen pueden comprar espacios publicitarios a precios competitivos, y se pueden negociar mejores ubicaciones permitiendo mayores inversiones en dise&#241;o y publicidad. Por otra parte, el uso de servicios compartidos por parte de las filiales genera sinergias entre ellas, aumentando&nbsp; la eficacia de las funciones de apoyo para toda la cadena de distribuci&#243;n y suministro, facilitando as&#237; la expansi&#243;n de las marcas y productos m&#225;s novedosos.</p><p>La compa&#241;&#237;a se centra en una integraci&#243;n vertical de su modelo de negocio, lo que le ayuda a reducir los costos y le&nbsp; permite tener el control en toda la cadena de valor, desde las instalaciones de abastecimiento y producci&#243;n hasta la puesta en venta en las tiendas. De hecho, esto le ha ayudado a mantener sus niveles de rentabilidad elevados al garantizar el costo de la materia prima.</p><p>Por otra parte el grupo presenta una estructura descentralizada, a pesar de tener una participaci&#243;n mayoritaria en 75 subsidiarias, la estructura operativa y las directrices de LVMH permiten que sus marcas funcionen de manera independiente con el apoyo de la empresa matriz. De esta forma aseguran el buen desarrollo de cada una de sus marcas respetando su identidad y su autonom&#237;a, proporcion&#225;ndoles todos los recursos que necesitan para dise&#241;ar, producir y distribuir los productos.</p><p>Las marcas dentro de LVMH pueden "decidir" lo que est&#225; de moda y pueden renunciar a las ganancias a corto plazo, con el fin de asegurar ventas de mayor margen a largo plazo.</p><p>La empresa es atractiva porque tiene una gran colecci&#243;n de activos, los cuales est&#225;n bien administrados, permitiendo a los accionistas participar en la creaci&#243;n continua de riqueza durante mucho tiempo. En la siguiente imagen, podemos tomar una perspectiva de todas sus marcas:</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z8mi!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F03fd6557-1be2-4a63-8155-71ca28a76e52_960x720.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z8mi!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F03fd6557-1be2-4a63-8155-71ca28a76e52_960x720.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z8mi!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F03fd6557-1be2-4a63-8155-71ca28a76e52_960x720.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z8mi!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F03fd6557-1be2-4a63-8155-71ca28a76e52_960x720.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z8mi!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F03fd6557-1be2-4a63-8155-71ca28a76e52_960x720.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z8mi!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F03fd6557-1be2-4a63-8155-71ca28a76e52_960x720.png" width="631" height="473.25" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/03fd6557-1be2-4a63-8155-71ca28a76e52_960x720.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:720,&quot;width&quot;:960,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:631,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z8mi!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F03fd6557-1be2-4a63-8155-71ca28a76e52_960x720.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z8mi!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F03fd6557-1be2-4a63-8155-71ca28a76e52_960x720.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z8mi!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F03fd6557-1be2-4a63-8155-71ca28a76e52_960x720.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z8mi!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F03fd6557-1be2-4a63-8155-71ca28a76e52_960x720.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Entrando m&#225;s en detalle y desglosando los ingresos de estos tres &#250;ltimos a&#241;os, vemos como en todos hay crecimientos de doble d&#237;gito org&#225;nicos e inorg&#225;nicos as&#237; como en todas las geograf&#237;as y l&#237;neas de negocio.</p><p>Presenta una amplia diversificaci&#243;n en divisas, productos y geograf&#237;a. Este grado elevado de diversificaci&#243;n le ayuda a reducir la exposici&#243;n directa a riesgos en regiones espec&#237;ficas y l&#237;neas de productos.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dRoe!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F19172a6d-4096-4ea9-8524-dad8e3850cb5_868x658.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dRoe!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F19172a6d-4096-4ea9-8524-dad8e3850cb5_868x658.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dRoe!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F19172a6d-4096-4ea9-8524-dad8e3850cb5_868x658.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dRoe!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F19172a6d-4096-4ea9-8524-dad8e3850cb5_868x658.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dRoe!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F19172a6d-4096-4ea9-8524-dad8e3850cb5_868x658.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dRoe!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F19172a6d-4096-4ea9-8524-dad8e3850cb5_868x658.png" width="593" height="449.53225806451616" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/19172a6d-4096-4ea9-8524-dad8e3850cb5_868x658.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:658,&quot;width&quot;:868,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:593,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dRoe!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F19172a6d-4096-4ea9-8524-dad8e3850cb5_868x658.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dRoe!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F19172a6d-4096-4ea9-8524-dad8e3850cb5_868x658.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dRoe!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F19172a6d-4096-4ea9-8524-dad8e3850cb5_868x658.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dRoe!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F19172a6d-4096-4ea9-8524-dad8e3850cb5_868x658.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: Annual Report 2022 LVMH</p><p>Claramente estos crecimientos a estas tasas tan elevadas son insostenibles para una empresa tan grande y madura como LVMH , estos tender&#225;n a normalizarse a medida que transcurra el tiempo. El enorme crecimiento de 2022 es debido a la recuperaci&#243;n de la econom&#237;a y del sector despu&#233;s de haber pasado la crisis del Covid-19, la cual hizo que las bases comparables de&nbsp; 2021 y especialmente de 2020 fueran&nbsp; especialmente d&#233;biles. De hecho como podemos observar en la tabla como ya empez&#243; a ocurrir en la segunda mitad del 2022.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ndIa!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc046b448-4f6f-442c-9635-72972b8dd14f_872x332.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ndIa!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc046b448-4f6f-442c-9635-72972b8dd14f_872x332.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ndIa!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc046b448-4f6f-442c-9635-72972b8dd14f_872x332.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ndIa!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc046b448-4f6f-442c-9635-72972b8dd14f_872x332.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ndIa!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc046b448-4f6f-442c-9635-72972b8dd14f_872x332.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ndIa!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc046b448-4f6f-442c-9635-72972b8dd14f_872x332.png" width="655" height="249.38073394495413" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c046b448-4f6f-442c-9635-72972b8dd14f_872x332.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:332,&quot;width&quot;:872,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:655,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ndIa!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc046b448-4f6f-442c-9635-72972b8dd14f_872x332.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ndIa!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc046b448-4f6f-442c-9635-72972b8dd14f_872x332.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ndIa!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc046b448-4f6f-442c-9635-72972b8dd14f_872x332.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ndIa!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc046b448-4f6f-442c-9635-72972b8dd14f_872x332.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: Fuente: Annual Report 2022 LVMH</p><p>CFO Jean-Jacques Guiony:&nbsp;</p><blockquote><p><em>&#8220;Mirando los n&#250;meros, tenemos la sensaci&#243;n de que el crecimiento se desaceler&#243; durante la segunda mitad del a&#241;o. Sin embargo, hay 2 aspectos, el primero es que la base comparable para 2022 en H1 fue f&#225;cil porque hab&#237;a muchos lugares cerrados en Europa y EEUU, por lo tanto, las tasas de crecimiento fueron m&#225;s f&#225;ciles de lograr en H1 que en H2. Pero el segundo aspecto es que en los EEUU, tambi&#233;n encontraron que el d&#243;lar estadounidense estaba alto en H2 y esto gener&#243; una ola de turismo hacia Europa, este turista aprovech&#243; el d&#243;lar alto para hacer compras en Europa. Entonces, si bien hubo menos crecimiento en los EEUU, encontrar&#225; que se mantuvo muy fuerte en Europa en H2&#8221;.</em></p></blockquote><p>Actualmente tiene un total de 5664 tiendas (un 2% m&#225;s que 2021) y alrededor de 196.000 empleados en todo el mundo.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OODL!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4cfa5195-d328-4c28-be4b-ccbe20911b38_803x262.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OODL!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4cfa5195-d328-4c28-be4b-ccbe20911b38_803x262.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OODL!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4cfa5195-d328-4c28-be4b-ccbe20911b38_803x262.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OODL!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4cfa5195-d328-4c28-be4b-ccbe20911b38_803x262.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OODL!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4cfa5195-d328-4c28-be4b-ccbe20911b38_803x262.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OODL!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4cfa5195-d328-4c28-be4b-ccbe20911b38_803x262.png" width="701" height="228.719800747198" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/4cfa5195-d328-4c28-be4b-ccbe20911b38_803x262.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:262,&quot;width&quot;:803,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:701,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OODL!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4cfa5195-d328-4c28-be4b-ccbe20911b38_803x262.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OODL!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4cfa5195-d328-4c28-be4b-ccbe20911b38_803x262.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OODL!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4cfa5195-d328-4c28-be4b-ccbe20911b38_803x262.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OODL!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4cfa5195-d328-4c28-be4b-ccbe20911b38_803x262.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: Annual Report 2022 LVMH</p><p>En cuanto a las diferentes l&#237;neas de negocio cabe destacar el aumento y la resiliencia de los m&#225;rgenes operativos (EBIT).</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mGR0!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc7aea79b-0f7c-4480-97f4-8ba7474205ac_752x398.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mGR0!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc7aea79b-0f7c-4480-97f4-8ba7474205ac_752x398.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mGR0!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc7aea79b-0f7c-4480-97f4-8ba7474205ac_752x398.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mGR0!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc7aea79b-0f7c-4480-97f4-8ba7474205ac_752x398.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mGR0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc7aea79b-0f7c-4480-97f4-8ba7474205ac_752x398.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mGR0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc7aea79b-0f7c-4480-97f4-8ba7474205ac_752x398.png" width="489" height="258.8058510638298" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c7aea79b-0f7c-4480-97f4-8ba7474205ac_752x398.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:398,&quot;width&quot;:752,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:489,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mGR0!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc7aea79b-0f7c-4480-97f4-8ba7474205ac_752x398.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mGR0!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc7aea79b-0f7c-4480-97f4-8ba7474205ac_752x398.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mGR0!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc7aea79b-0f7c-4480-97f4-8ba7474205ac_752x398.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mGR0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc7aea79b-0f7c-4480-97f4-8ba7474205ac_752x398.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Porcentaje del total de los ingresos de cada una de las l&#237;neas de negocio, las cuales se pueden dividir en 5 categor&#237;as:&nbsp;</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mhmw!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F27cee213-537b-4b6b-b45e-427999d18d68_738x464.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mhmw!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F27cee213-537b-4b6b-b45e-427999d18d68_738x464.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mhmw!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F27cee213-537b-4b6b-b45e-427999d18d68_738x464.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mhmw!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F27cee213-537b-4b6b-b45e-427999d18d68_738x464.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mhmw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F27cee213-537b-4b6b-b45e-427999d18d68_738x464.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mhmw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F27cee213-537b-4b6b-b45e-427999d18d68_738x464.png" width="505" height="317.50677506775065" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/27cee213-537b-4b6b-b45e-427999d18d68_738x464.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:464,&quot;width&quot;:738,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:505,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mhmw!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F27cee213-537b-4b6b-b45e-427999d18d68_738x464.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mhmw!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F27cee213-537b-4b6b-b45e-427999d18d68_738x464.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mhmw!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F27cee213-537b-4b6b-b45e-427999d18d68_738x464.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mhmw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F27cee213-537b-4b6b-b45e-427999d18d68_738x464.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: LVMH Investors Relations - Financial Indicators</p><p>Los m&#225;rgenes de cada una de las l&#237;neas de negocio:&nbsp;</p><ul><li><p><strong>Wines and Spirit</strong> &#8212;&gt; 30.4% en 2022 vs 31.2% en 2021 vs 31% en 2019.</p></li><li><p><strong>Fashion and Leather Goods </strong>&#8212;&gt; 40.6% en 2022 vs 41.6% en 2021 vs 33% en 2019.</p></li><li><p><strong>Perfumes and Cosmetics</strong> &#8212;&gt; 8.5% en 2022 vs 10.3% en 2021 vs 10.8% en 2019.</p></li><li><p><strong>Watches and Jewelry</strong> &#8212;&gt; 19.1% en 2022 vs 18.7% en 2021 vs 16.7% en 2019.</p></li><li><p><strong>Selective Retailing</strong> &#8212;&gt; 5.3% en 2022 vs 4.5% en 2021 vs 9.4% en 2019.</p><p></p></li></ul><ol><li><p><strong>WINES &amp; SPIRITS</strong></p></li></ol><p>Esta l&#237;nea representa el 9% del total de los ingresos en 2022 y presenta un margen operativo del 30,4 % 2022. En 2021 fue del 10% y con un margen del 31%.</p><p>Es el l&#237;der mundial en co&#241;ac, con Henessy, y en champagne, con Mo&#235;t &amp; Chandon.</p><p>Otras de sus marcas m&#225;s reconocidas en el apartado de champ&#225;n son Dom P&#233;rignon, Veuve Clicquot, Ruinart as&#237; como, Cloudy Bay, Cabo Mentelle ,Newton Vineyard y Colgin Cellars respecto a los vinos. LVMH posee cerca de 1.700 hect&#225;reas en producci&#243;n, que proporcionan el 20% de sus necesidades anuales. El proveedor m&#225;s grande de uvas y vinos representa menos del 10% del total de suministros y produce estos vinos en diferentes regiones tales como: Francia, Espa&#241;a, Estados Unidos (California), Argentina, Australia, Brasil, Nueva Zelanda..etc</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jo4w!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9d72645d-3780-4fe0-9f47-51226279994d_865x347.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jo4w!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9d72645d-3780-4fe0-9f47-51226279994d_865x347.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jo4w!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9d72645d-3780-4fe0-9f47-51226279994d_865x347.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jo4w!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9d72645d-3780-4fe0-9f47-51226279994d_865x347.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jo4w!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9d72645d-3780-4fe0-9f47-51226279994d_865x347.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jo4w!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9d72645d-3780-4fe0-9f47-51226279994d_865x347.png" width="865" height="347" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/9d72645d-3780-4fe0-9f47-51226279994d_865x347.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:347,&quot;width&quot;:865,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jo4w!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9d72645d-3780-4fe0-9f47-51226279994d_865x347.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jo4w!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9d72645d-3780-4fe0-9f47-51226279994d_865x347.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jo4w!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9d72645d-3780-4fe0-9f47-51226279994d_865x347.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jo4w!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9d72645d-3780-4fe0-9f47-51226279994d_865x347.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: LVMH Snapshot 2022 Figures</p><p>El beneficio de operaciones recurrentes de Vinos y Licores fue de 2.155 millones de euros, un 16% m&#225;s que en 2021. Champ&#225;n y vinos aportaron 981 millones de euros, mientras que co&#241;acs y licores aportaron 1.174 millones de euros. El margen operativo del grupo empresarial como porcentaje de los ingresos fue del 30,4%.</p><ol start="2"><li><p><strong>Fashion and Leather goods</strong></p></li></ol><p>Se trata de su l&#237;nea de negocio m&#225;s importante ya que representa el 49% de los ingresos (2022) y tiene un margen operativo del 40,6%.</p><p>En el sector de moda y art&#237;culos de lujo es el l&#237;der a nivel mundial, con marcas como Louis Vuitton, Dior, Fendi, y Pucci. Su gama de productos se ha ido&nbsp; ampliado continuamente con nuevos modelos y se han establecido como aut&#233;nticos iconos del sector lujo.&nbsp;</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LYmj!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F463c8fba-f5bc-41ca-becb-226a77e541c8_811x287.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LYmj!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F463c8fba-f5bc-41ca-becb-226a77e541c8_811x287.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LYmj!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F463c8fba-f5bc-41ca-becb-226a77e541c8_811x287.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LYmj!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F463c8fba-f5bc-41ca-becb-226a77e541c8_811x287.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LYmj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F463c8fba-f5bc-41ca-becb-226a77e541c8_811x287.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LYmj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F463c8fba-f5bc-41ca-becb-226a77e541c8_811x287.png" width="811" height="287" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/463c8fba-f5bc-41ca-becb-226a77e541c8_811x287.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:287,&quot;width&quot;:811,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LYmj!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F463c8fba-f5bc-41ca-becb-226a77e541c8_811x287.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LYmj!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F463c8fba-f5bc-41ca-becb-226a77e541c8_811x287.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LYmj!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F463c8fba-f5bc-41ca-becb-226a77e541c8_811x287.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LYmj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F463c8fba-f5bc-41ca-becb-226a77e541c8_811x287.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: LVMH Snapshot 2022 Figures</p><p>Moda y Marroquiner&#237;a obtuvo un beneficio de operaciones recurrentes de 15.709 millones de euros, un 22% superior al del ejercicio anterior. Louis Vuitton y Christian Dior Couture mantuvieron un nivel excepcional de rentabilidad. Todas las marcas mostraron una mejora en las ganancias de las operaciones recurrentes a pesar del impacto del cierre parcial de tiendas en ciertas regiones, particularmente en China. El margen operativo del grupo empresarial como porcentaje de los ingresos fue de 40,6%.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0nbx!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52dd7466-3e74-433c-b3c1-f4c760a2cd04_591x376.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0nbx!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52dd7466-3e74-433c-b3c1-f4c760a2cd04_591x376.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0nbx!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52dd7466-3e74-433c-b3c1-f4c760a2cd04_591x376.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0nbx!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52dd7466-3e74-433c-b3c1-f4c760a2cd04_591x376.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0nbx!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52dd7466-3e74-433c-b3c1-f4c760a2cd04_591x376.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0nbx!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52dd7466-3e74-433c-b3c1-f4c760a2cd04_591x376.png" width="591" height="376" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/52dd7466-3e74-433c-b3c1-f4c760a2cd04_591x376.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:376,&quot;width&quot;:591,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0nbx!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52dd7466-3e74-433c-b3c1-f4c760a2cd04_591x376.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0nbx!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52dd7466-3e74-433c-b3c1-f4c760a2cd04_591x376.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0nbx!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52dd7466-3e74-433c-b3c1-f4c760a2cd04_591x376.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0nbx!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52dd7466-3e74-433c-b3c1-f4c760a2cd04_591x376.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: Statista</p><ol start="3"><li><p><strong>Perfumes and Cosmetics</strong></p></li></ol><p>Esta l&#237;nea de negocio supone en 2021 el 10% de los ingresos totales y tiene un margen operativo del 10.4%. Entre las marcas m&#225;s destacadas encontramos:</p><p><strong>Guerlain</strong>: Fundada en 1828 por Pierre-Fran&#231;ois-Pascal Guerlain, ha creado m&#225;s de 700 perfumes desde sus inicios, y goza de una imagen excepcional a nivel internacional.</p><p><strong>Dior </strong>: Fue fundada en 1947. Posteriormente en 1953 Christian Dior celebr&#243; su primer desfile de moda: present&#243; el revolucionario concepto de &#8220;belleza total&#8221; con el lanzamiento de Miss perfume Dior, seguido de maquillaje con la barra de labios Rouge Dior.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YuaA!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd0dda9b-53c3-4351-a4b8-07903be21699_1010x379.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YuaA!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd0dda9b-53c3-4351-a4b8-07903be21699_1010x379.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YuaA!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd0dda9b-53c3-4351-a4b8-07903be21699_1010x379.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YuaA!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd0dda9b-53c3-4351-a4b8-07903be21699_1010x379.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YuaA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd0dda9b-53c3-4351-a4b8-07903be21699_1010x379.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YuaA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd0dda9b-53c3-4351-a4b8-07903be21699_1010x379.png" width="1010" height="379" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/bd0dda9b-53c3-4351-a4b8-07903be21699_1010x379.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:379,&quot;width&quot;:1010,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YuaA!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd0dda9b-53c3-4351-a4b8-07903be21699_1010x379.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YuaA!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd0dda9b-53c3-4351-a4b8-07903be21699_1010x379.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YuaA!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd0dda9b-53c3-4351-a4b8-07903be21699_1010x379.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YuaA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd0dda9b-53c3-4351-a4b8-07903be21699_1010x379.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: LVMH Snapshot 2022 Figures</p><p>El beneficio de operaciones recurrentes de Perfumes y Cosm&#233;ticos fue de 660 millones de euros, influenciado por una pol&#237;tica de distribuci&#243;n muy selectiva. El margen operativo del grupo empresarial como porcentaje de los ingresos fue de 8,5%.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!k3Jg!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faff74e75-c71f-4c62-9310-ee1fb977f367_706x458.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!k3Jg!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faff74e75-c71f-4c62-9310-ee1fb977f367_706x458.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!k3Jg!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faff74e75-c71f-4c62-9310-ee1fb977f367_706x458.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!k3Jg!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faff74e75-c71f-4c62-9310-ee1fb977f367_706x458.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!k3Jg!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faff74e75-c71f-4c62-9310-ee1fb977f367_706x458.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!k3Jg!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faff74e75-c71f-4c62-9310-ee1fb977f367_706x458.png" width="706" height="458" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/aff74e75-c71f-4c62-9310-ee1fb977f367_706x458.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:458,&quot;width&quot;:706,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!k3Jg!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faff74e75-c71f-4c62-9310-ee1fb977f367_706x458.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!k3Jg!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faff74e75-c71f-4c62-9310-ee1fb977f367_706x458.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!k3Jg!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faff74e75-c71f-4c62-9310-ee1fb977f367_706x458.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!k3Jg!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faff74e75-c71f-4c62-9310-ee1fb977f367_706x458.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: Statista</p><ol start="4"><li><p><strong>Watches and jewelry</strong>&nbsp;</p></li></ol><p>Representa el 13% del total de&nbsp; los ingresos y tiene un margen operativo del 19,1%.</p><p>En este segmento encontramos marcas tan notables como:</p><p><strong>Hublot</strong>: &nbsp;Fundada en 1980 y parte del grupo LVMH desde 2008, siempre ha sido una marca con una alta reputaci&#243;n.</p><p><strong>Bvlgari:</strong> Fundada en 1884, es sin&#243;nimo de creatividad y excelencia, es indiscutiblemente reconocida como uno de los principales marcas del sector.</p><p><strong>TAG Heuer</strong>: Esta compa&#241;&#237;a es pionera en relojer&#237;a Suiza desde 1860. TAG Heuer fue adquirida por LVMH en noviembre de 1999.</p><p><strong>Tiffany &amp; Co</strong>: Es una empresa estadounidense de joyer&#237;a de lujo, fundada por Charles Lewis Tiffany y Teddy Young y adquirida en 2019 por el grupo.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nA47!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F075db114-936c-464e-9fab-2b1405d47f0c_1066x380.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nA47!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F075db114-936c-464e-9fab-2b1405d47f0c_1066x380.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nA47!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F075db114-936c-464e-9fab-2b1405d47f0c_1066x380.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nA47!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F075db114-936c-464e-9fab-2b1405d47f0c_1066x380.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nA47!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F075db114-936c-464e-9fab-2b1405d47f0c_1066x380.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nA47!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F075db114-936c-464e-9fab-2b1405d47f0c_1066x380.png" width="1066" height="380" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/075db114-936c-464e-9fab-2b1405d47f0c_1066x380.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:380,&quot;width&quot;:1066,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nA47!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F075db114-936c-464e-9fab-2b1405d47f0c_1066x380.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nA47!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F075db114-936c-464e-9fab-2b1405d47f0c_1066x380.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nA47!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F075db114-936c-464e-9fab-2b1405d47f0c_1066x380.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nA47!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F075db114-936c-464e-9fab-2b1405d47f0c_1066x380.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: LVMH Snapshot 2022 Figures</p><p>El resultado de operaciones recurrentes de relojer&#237;a y joyer&#237;a fue de 2.017 millones de euros, un 20% m&#225;s que a 31 de diciembre de 2021. El margen operativo del grupo empresarial sobre ingresos fue del 19,1%.</p><blockquote><p><em>&#8220;En la relojer&#237;a y joyer&#237;a tambi&#233;n fue un muy buen a&#241;o. Tiffany, por primera vez, superar&#225; los 1.000 millones de euros de beneficio, apenas &#233;ramos la mitad cuando adquirimos el negocio, todo el mundo me dec&#237;a, &#191;por qu&#233; est&#225;s comprando este negocio a ese precio? &#191;demasiado? Bueno, si hoy, el negocio fuera a cotizar probablemente valdr&#237;amos el doble&#8221;.</em></p></blockquote><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I_Dn!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6648e1b2-e818-4fcc-9931-f644217e0ae6_808x530.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I_Dn!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6648e1b2-e818-4fcc-9931-f644217e0ae6_808x530.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I_Dn!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6648e1b2-e818-4fcc-9931-f644217e0ae6_808x530.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I_Dn!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6648e1b2-e818-4fcc-9931-f644217e0ae6_808x530.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I_Dn!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6648e1b2-e818-4fcc-9931-f644217e0ae6_808x530.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I_Dn!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6648e1b2-e818-4fcc-9931-f644217e0ae6_808x530.png" width="808" height="530" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/6648e1b2-e818-4fcc-9931-f644217e0ae6_808x530.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:530,&quot;width&quot;:808,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I_Dn!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6648e1b2-e818-4fcc-9931-f644217e0ae6_808x530.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I_Dn!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6648e1b2-e818-4fcc-9931-f644217e0ae6_808x530.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I_Dn!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6648e1b2-e818-4fcc-9931-f644217e0ae6_808x530.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I_Dn!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6648e1b2-e818-4fcc-9931-f644217e0ae6_808x530.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: Statista</p><p>Ingresos globales del segmento de relojes y joyas del Grupo LVMH de 2008 a 2022 (en millones de euros).</p><ol start="5"><li><p><strong>SELECTIVE RETAILING </strong></p></li></ol><p>Esta l&#237;nea de negocio supone el 19% del total de los ingresos y presenta un margen operativo del 5.3% en 2022.</p><p>Est&#225; compuesto por :Grupo DFS, Cruise Line Holdings Co, Sephora, Le Bon March&#233; y La Samaritaine.</p><p>&nbsp;Operaciones minoristas: LVMH posee y opera una amplia red de tiendas minoristas, que generan ingresos significativos. Las operaciones minoristas de LVMH incluyen tiendas emblem&#225;ticas para sus diversas marcas, as&#237; como tiendas conceptuales, concesiones de grandes almacenes y puntos de venta libres de impuestos. Esta extensa red global de tiendas minoristas y boutiques, les permite mantener una relaci&#243;n directa con los clientes as&#237; como controlar la experiencia del cliente.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CWeQ!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7ee328a8-3cdf-490d-acf2-12bddbd9800e_1133x408.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CWeQ!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7ee328a8-3cdf-490d-acf2-12bddbd9800e_1133x408.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CWeQ!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7ee328a8-3cdf-490d-acf2-12bddbd9800e_1133x408.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CWeQ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7ee328a8-3cdf-490d-acf2-12bddbd9800e_1133x408.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CWeQ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7ee328a8-3cdf-490d-acf2-12bddbd9800e_1133x408.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CWeQ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7ee328a8-3cdf-490d-acf2-12bddbd9800e_1133x408.png" width="1133" height="408" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/7ee328a8-3cdf-490d-acf2-12bddbd9800e_1133x408.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:408,&quot;width&quot;:1133,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CWeQ!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7ee328a8-3cdf-490d-acf2-12bddbd9800e_1133x408.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CWeQ!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7ee328a8-3cdf-490d-acf2-12bddbd9800e_1133x408.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CWeQ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7ee328a8-3cdf-490d-acf2-12bddbd9800e_1133x408.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CWeQ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7ee328a8-3cdf-490d-acf2-12bddbd9800e_1133x408.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: LVMH Snapshot 2022 Figures</p><p>El beneficio de operaciones recurrentes de Comercio Selectivo fue de 788 millones de euros, un 48% m&#225;s que a 31 de diciembre de 2021. El margen operativo del grupo empresarial sobre ingresos fue del 5,3%.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8LxS!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdb3c2be4-4625-44eb-8762-b9d3ecddd6fb_745x494.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8LxS!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdb3c2be4-4625-44eb-8762-b9d3ecddd6fb_745x494.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8LxS!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdb3c2be4-4625-44eb-8762-b9d3ecddd6fb_745x494.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8LxS!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdb3c2be4-4625-44eb-8762-b9d3ecddd6fb_745x494.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8LxS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdb3c2be4-4625-44eb-8762-b9d3ecddd6fb_745x494.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8LxS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdb3c2be4-4625-44eb-8762-b9d3ecddd6fb_745x494.png" width="745" height="494" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/db3c2be4-4625-44eb-8762-b9d3ecddd6fb_745x494.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:494,&quot;width&quot;:745,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8LxS!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdb3c2be4-4625-44eb-8762-b9d3ecddd6fb_745x494.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8LxS!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdb3c2be4-4625-44eb-8762-b9d3ecddd6fb_745x494.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8LxS!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdb3c2be4-4625-44eb-8762-b9d3ecddd6fb_745x494.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8LxS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdb3c2be4-4625-44eb-8762-b9d3ecddd6fb_745x494.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: Statista</p><p>Ingresos globales del segmento minorista selectivo del Grupo LVMH de 2008 a 2022 (en millones de euros).</p><p>Cabe mencionar que LVMH est&#225; poniendo el foco en la necesidad de tener una presencia en l&#237;nea, siendo este tambi&#233;n un objetivo principal para todas las empresas de la industria. Llegado cierto punto podemos pensar&nbsp; que comprar lujo online elimina uno de los principales atractivos de la industria, la experiencia en la tienda, no obstante es necesario desarrollar una presencia online para complementar la presencia f&#237;sica as&#237; como lo hacen los competidores y por ende aumentar las ventas.</p><p>Le preguntaron a Bernard Arnault sobre si no ve como una amenaza para Sephora el comercio online, el responde con esta firmeza:</p><div class="pullquote"><p>&#8220;Alguien me dijo hace 5 a&#241;os, tenga cuidado, sea muy prudente, Sephora en EEUU est&#225; amenazado por Amazon. Eso es lo que nos dijeron, &#191;de acuerdo? Pero nunca ha funcionado tan bien Sephora como a d&#237;a de hoy, creo que hay un regreso a las tiendas f&#237;sicas y la experiencia en una tienda f&#237;sica siempre ser&#225; extraordinaria en comparaci&#243;n con una compra online. Entonces, vender productos, ya sean productos de lujo o cosm&#233;ticos, &#250;nicamente en Internet no creo que tenga el potencial de ser una competencia directa para nosotros. Lo interesante de vender por Internet labiales, perfumes, cremas, etc, es cuando probaste la crema en Sephora y despu&#233;s lo quieres renovar, vas a la tienda online y lo compras, pero descubrir el producto en Amazon en medio de otros productos utilitarios no me parece eficiente. No digo que no funcione, pero la mayor&#237;a de las marcas seleccionadas no est&#225;n amenazadas. As&#237; que no estoy realmente preocupado&#8221;.</p></div><p>-<strong>Otros ingresos de car&#225;cter menor</strong>: Tambi&#233;n genera ingresos por la concesi&#243;n de licencias de sus marcas y propiedad intelectual a empresas de terceros. Por ejemplo, la empresa otorga licencias de sus fragancias y cosm&#233;ticos a otras empresas, que pagan a LVMH una regal&#237;a sobre las ventas.</p><p>Servicios de hospitalidad y experiencias: LVMH posee varios servicios de hospitalidad y experiencias de lujo, incluidos hoteles, restaurantes e instituciones culturales. Estos negocios generan ingresos por el alquiler de habitaciones, la venta de alimentos y bebidas y la venta de entradas.</p><h2><strong>3.3. Moats o Ventajas competitivas</strong></h2><p><strong>Fijaci&#243;n de precios:</strong>&nbsp;Las marcas de lujo han hecho un trabajo excepcional al reconocer el comportamiento psicol&#243;gico y la disposici&#243;n de los consumidores a pagar precios elevados por art&#237;culos y servicios de lujo. LVMH&nbsp; puede permitirse subir ligeramente los precios (pricing power) sin que el consumidor final se resienta debido a su ya alto poder adquisitivo.</p><p><strong>Tama&#241;o y escala: </strong>&nbsp;gracias a su tama&#241;o, controla el 25% de la cuota mundial en el sector lujo, este presenta altas barreras de entrada por lo que su posicionamiento es pr&#225;cticamente un oligopolio. El tama&#241;o de LVMH le otorga una ventaja clara sobre los competidores m&#225;s peque&#241;os, ya que puede aprovechar su tama&#241;o para negociar mejores acuerdos con los proveedores y reducir as&#237; los costos de producci&#243;n.</p><p><strong>Poder de marca:&nbsp; </strong>Esta quiz&#225;s sea su ventaja competitiva m&#225;s fuerte, ya que ha creado una reputaci&#243;n a nivel mundial que le permite posicionarse por encima del resto de competidores teniendo lo que com&#250;nmente es conocido como &#168;cuota mental&#168; sobre los consumidores, estando LVMH en primer lugar cuando se pregunta por marcas del sector lujo.</p><p><strong>Generaci&#243;n de sinergias:</strong> La obtenci&#243;n de econom&#237;as de escala debido a su posici&#243;n en el mercado, reduce procesos intermedios y costes de transacci&#243;n , consiguiendo as&#237; m&#225;rgenes m&#225;s elevados que traen consigo una mayor rentabilidad en cada una de las casas de forma individual y, por ende, a todo el grupo LVMH.</p><h2><strong>3.4. Directiva</strong></h2><p>Aunque la mayor&#237;a de las acciones de LVMH cotizan en bolsa, Arnault controla la empresa a trav&#233;s de acciones especiales con derecho a voto.</p><p>Casi el 48% del accionariado pertenece a la familia Arnault. Bernard Arnault tiene un salario de 8 millones de &#8364; anuales. Si comparamos esos 8 millones con el valor de sus acciones que es superior a 100.000 millones vemos que su salario es insignificante.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5Tyl!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F910520c0-b3c9-4f1a-a094-e5e813bd061f_220x287.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5Tyl!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F910520c0-b3c9-4f1a-a094-e5e813bd061f_220x287.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5Tyl!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F910520c0-b3c9-4f1a-a094-e5e813bd061f_220x287.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5Tyl!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F910520c0-b3c9-4f1a-a094-e5e813bd061f_220x287.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5Tyl!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F910520c0-b3c9-4f1a-a094-e5e813bd061f_220x287.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5Tyl!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F910520c0-b3c9-4f1a-a094-e5e813bd061f_220x287.png" width="220" height="287" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/910520c0-b3c9-4f1a-a094-e5e813bd061f_220x287.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:287,&quot;width&quot;:220,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5Tyl!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F910520c0-b3c9-4f1a-a094-e5e813bd061f_220x287.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5Tyl!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F910520c0-b3c9-4f1a-a094-e5e813bd061f_220x287.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5Tyl!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F910520c0-b3c9-4f1a-a094-e5e813bd061f_220x287.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5Tyl!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F910520c0-b3c9-4f1a-a094-e5e813bd061f_220x287.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>Bernard Arnaul (The richest man in the world)</strong></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hE84!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb6be2518-3b9f-472f-bc43-110ba95cb21a_1102x145.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hE84!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb6be2518-3b9f-472f-bc43-110ba95cb21a_1102x145.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hE84!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb6be2518-3b9f-472f-bc43-110ba95cb21a_1102x145.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hE84!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb6be2518-3b9f-472f-bc43-110ba95cb21a_1102x145.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hE84!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb6be2518-3b9f-472f-bc43-110ba95cb21a_1102x145.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hE84!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb6be2518-3b9f-472f-bc43-110ba95cb21a_1102x145.png" width="1102" height="145" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/b6be2518-3b9f-472f-bc43-110ba95cb21a_1102x145.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:145,&quot;width&quot;:1102,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hE84!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb6be2518-3b9f-472f-bc43-110ba95cb21a_1102x145.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hE84!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb6be2518-3b9f-472f-bc43-110ba95cb21a_1102x145.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hE84!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb6be2518-3b9f-472f-bc43-110ba95cb21a_1102x145.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hE84!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb6be2518-3b9f-472f-bc43-110ba95cb21a_1102x145.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: Annual Report 2022 LVMH</p><p>Bernard Arnault se desempe&#241;a como director ejecutivo, pero sus 5 hijos son miembros senior del grupo. Esto incluye a Alexandre, quien dirigi&#243; Rimowa y ahora es vicepresidente de Tiffany, y Fr&#233;d&#233;ric, que dirige TAG Heuer.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yjLE!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F523d417b-df77-4531-9436-7caef51bfdbd_1600x634.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yjLE!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F523d417b-df77-4531-9436-7caef51bfdbd_1600x634.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yjLE!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F523d417b-df77-4531-9436-7caef51bfdbd_1600x634.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yjLE!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F523d417b-df77-4531-9436-7caef51bfdbd_1600x634.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yjLE!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F523d417b-df77-4531-9436-7caef51bfdbd_1600x634.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yjLE!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F523d417b-df77-4531-9436-7caef51bfdbd_1600x634.png" width="1456" height="577" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/523d417b-df77-4531-9436-7caef51bfdbd_1600x634.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:577,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yjLE!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F523d417b-df77-4531-9436-7caef51bfdbd_1600x634.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yjLE!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F523d417b-df77-4531-9436-7caef51bfdbd_1600x634.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yjLE!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F523d417b-df77-4531-9436-7caef51bfdbd_1600x634.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yjLE!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F523d417b-df77-4531-9436-7caef51bfdbd_1600x634.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>En Diciembre de 2021 se implant&#243; un programa de recompras por un valor m&#225;ximo de &#8364;300M, este programa finaliz&#243; el 14 de Enero de 2022 con la recompra total de 417.261 acciones y el precio medio de las acciones en ese periodo fue de 684&#8364;.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZbAx!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc0b2f751-1938-47c2-adc8-864552c56733_968x468.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZbAx!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc0b2f751-1938-47c2-adc8-864552c56733_968x468.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZbAx!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc0b2f751-1938-47c2-adc8-864552c56733_968x468.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZbAx!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc0b2f751-1938-47c2-adc8-864552c56733_968x468.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZbAx!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc0b2f751-1938-47c2-adc8-864552c56733_968x468.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZbAx!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc0b2f751-1938-47c2-adc8-864552c56733_968x468.png" width="968" height="468" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c0b2f751-1938-47c2-adc8-864552c56733_968x468.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:468,&quot;width&quot;:968,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZbAx!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc0b2f751-1938-47c2-adc8-864552c56733_968x468.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZbAx!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc0b2f751-1938-47c2-adc8-864552c56733_968x468.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZbAx!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc0b2f751-1938-47c2-adc8-864552c56733_968x468.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZbAx!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc0b2f751-1938-47c2-adc8-864552c56733_968x468.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: www.insiderscreener.com</p><p>En estas dos im&#225;genes se ve reflejado como Arnault no ha parado de comprar acciones de la compa&#241;&#237;a en los &#250;ltimos meses , destacando que la acci&#243;n estaba incluso en m&#225;ximos hist&#243;ricos de cotizaci&#243;n.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!H4v-!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F58d8ddf4-3a39-4869-8795-db9cb3e2c0cc_966x389.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!H4v-!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F58d8ddf4-3a39-4869-8795-db9cb3e2c0cc_966x389.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!H4v-!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F58d8ddf4-3a39-4869-8795-db9cb3e2c0cc_966x389.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!H4v-!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F58d8ddf4-3a39-4869-8795-db9cb3e2c0cc_966x389.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!H4v-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F58d8ddf4-3a39-4869-8795-db9cb3e2c0cc_966x389.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!H4v-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F58d8ddf4-3a39-4869-8795-db9cb3e2c0cc_966x389.png" width="966" height="389" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/58d8ddf4-3a39-4869-8795-db9cb3e2c0cc_966x389.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:389,&quot;width&quot;:966,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!H4v-!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F58d8ddf4-3a39-4869-8795-db9cb3e2c0cc_966x389.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!H4v-!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F58d8ddf4-3a39-4869-8795-db9cb3e2c0cc_966x389.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!H4v-!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F58d8ddf4-3a39-4869-8795-db9cb3e2c0cc_966x389.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!H4v-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F58d8ddf4-3a39-4869-8795-db9cb3e2c0cc_966x389.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: <a href="http://www.insiderscreener.com">www.insiderscreener.com</a></p><h2><strong>3.5. &#218;ltimos resultados</strong></h2><p>Los ingresos org&#225;nicos aumentaron un 17 % EUR 21 000 millones para el primer trimestre en ventas.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gby6!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2bd057d8-d764-47ff-a78b-5010e077e2f7_945x534.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gby6!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2bd057d8-d764-47ff-a78b-5010e077e2f7_945x534.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gby6!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2bd057d8-d764-47ff-a78b-5010e077e2f7_945x534.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gby6!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2bd057d8-d764-47ff-a78b-5010e077e2f7_945x534.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gby6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2bd057d8-d764-47ff-a78b-5010e077e2f7_945x534.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gby6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2bd057d8-d764-47ff-a78b-5010e077e2f7_945x534.png" width="945" height="534" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/2bd057d8-d764-47ff-a78b-5010e077e2f7_945x534.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:534,&quot;width&quot;:945,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gby6!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2bd057d8-d764-47ff-a78b-5010e077e2f7_945x534.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gby6!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2bd057d8-d764-47ff-a78b-5010e077e2f7_945x534.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gby6!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2bd057d8-d764-47ff-a78b-5010e077e2f7_945x534.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gby6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2bd057d8-d764-47ff-a78b-5010e077e2f7_945x534.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: Quarterly Presentation 2023 Q1 revenue</p><p>En el primer trimestre, el 36 % de los ingresos se generaron en Asia, sin incluir Jap&#243;n, que a su vez fue una fuente del 7 % de los ingresos. El 23 % de los ingresos provino de EE. UU., mientras que Europa contribuy&#243; con el 14 %, excluyendo Francia, que contribuy&#243; con el 7 % y el 13 % de las ventas provienen de otros mercados.</p><p>Cabe destacar el notorio crecimiento en el (selective retailing) la&nbsp; facturaci&#243;n del cual&nbsp; ha crecido de forma org&#225;nica 28% respecto al mismo periodo del a&#241;o anterior.</p><p>Fuente: Quarterly Presentation 2023 Q1 revenue</p><p>En general&nbsp; el primer trimestre ha sentado una base s&#243;lida para que el grupo siga ganando participaci&#243;n de mercado, mientras contin&#250;a alerta ante las incertidumbres macroecon&#243;micas y geopol&#237;ticas. Todos los grupos comerciales contribuyeron notoriamente al crecimiento de los ingresos en el primer trimestre y marcaron un s&#243;lido comienzo de a&#241;o reflejando el continuo liderazgo en el sector de art&#237;culos de lujo.</p><h1><strong>4. Valoraci&#243;n</strong></h1><p>La acci&#243;n ha crecido un 22,2% los &#250;ltimos 5 a&#241;os situ&#225;ndose su valoraci&#243;n dentro su media de valoraci&#243;n hist&#243;rica: 25X PER y 14X EBITDA. En el siguiente gr&#225;fico podemos ver la evoluci&#243;n del precio hasta el momento actual.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0lty!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F98116d17-b098-4456-9ed9-4818776923db_890x263.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0lty!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F98116d17-b098-4456-9ed9-4818776923db_890x263.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0lty!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F98116d17-b098-4456-9ed9-4818776923db_890x263.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0lty!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F98116d17-b098-4456-9ed9-4818776923db_890x263.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0lty!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F98116d17-b098-4456-9ed9-4818776923db_890x263.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0lty!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F98116d17-b098-4456-9ed9-4818776923db_890x263.png" width="890" height="263" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/98116d17-b098-4456-9ed9-4818776923db_890x263.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:263,&quot;width&quot;:890,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0lty!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F98116d17-b098-4456-9ed9-4818776923db_890x263.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0lty!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F98116d17-b098-4456-9ed9-4818776923db_890x263.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0lty!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F98116d17-b098-4456-9ed9-4818776923db_890x263.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0lty!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F98116d17-b098-4456-9ed9-4818776923db_890x263.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: Tikr</p><p>Proyectando seg&#250;n mis estimaciones con un crecimiento del 12% para los ingresos los pr&#243;ximos 5 a&#241;os y un margen EBIT del 25% (dentro de su media).</p><p>Aplicando un Per de 24 veces y un ev/Ebitda de 14 x y al precio actual de la acci&#243;n, obtendremos un retorno de entre el 10-11% proyectado a 2026. Hay que tener en cuenta que esta valoraci&#243;n tiene en cuenta que la deuda se mantiene pr&#225;cticamente constante y que las recompras de las acciones siguen el mismo ritmo, as&#237; como el pago del dividendo tal y como podemos observar en la imagen.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eQYi!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fac4aa041-bf2f-4482-89c1-30ff5efdb1b7_1043x354.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eQYi!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fac4aa041-bf2f-4482-89c1-30ff5efdb1b7_1043x354.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eQYi!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fac4aa041-bf2f-4482-89c1-30ff5efdb1b7_1043x354.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eQYi!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fac4aa041-bf2f-4482-89c1-30ff5efdb1b7_1043x354.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eQYi!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fac4aa041-bf2f-4482-89c1-30ff5efdb1b7_1043x354.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eQYi!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fac4aa041-bf2f-4482-89c1-30ff5efdb1b7_1043x354.png" width="727" height="246.7478427612656" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/ac4aa041-bf2f-4482-89c1-30ff5efdb1b7_1043x354.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:354,&quot;width&quot;:1043,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:727,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eQYi!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fac4aa041-bf2f-4482-89c1-30ff5efdb1b7_1043x354.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eQYi!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fac4aa041-bf2f-4482-89c1-30ff5efdb1b7_1043x354.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eQYi!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fac4aa041-bf2f-4482-89c1-30ff5efdb1b7_1043x354.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eQYi!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fac4aa041-bf2f-4482-89c1-30ff5efdb1b7_1043x354.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: Elaboraci&#243;n propia</p><p>Por otra parte utilizando el Descuento de flujos de caja vemos como la acci&#243;n (partiendo de unos eps de 27&#8364; en 2022) y utilizando un WACC de 7,53%, LVMH se encontrar&#237;a pr&#225;cticamente en su &#168;Fair Value&#168; o precio objetivo con un valor aproximado de 930&#8364; por acci&#243;n, con tan solo un 10,83% de margen de seguridad ya que actualmente cotiza a 830&#8364;.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!amzD!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fac30937b-ef6e-43ce-88b0-b2e5293178c4_1029x365.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!amzD!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fac30937b-ef6e-43ce-88b0-b2e5293178c4_1029x365.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!amzD!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fac30937b-ef6e-43ce-88b0-b2e5293178c4_1029x365.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!amzD!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fac30937b-ef6e-43ce-88b0-b2e5293178c4_1029x365.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!amzD!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fac30937b-ef6e-43ce-88b0-b2e5293178c4_1029x365.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!amzD!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fac30937b-ef6e-43ce-88b0-b2e5293178c4_1029x365.png" width="727" height="257.8765792031098" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/ac30937b-ef6e-43ce-88b0-b2e5293178c4_1029x365.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:365,&quot;width&quot;:1029,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:727,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!amzD!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fac30937b-ef6e-43ce-88b0-b2e5293178c4_1029x365.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!amzD!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fac30937b-ef6e-43ce-88b0-b2e5293178c4_1029x365.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!amzD!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fac30937b-ef6e-43ce-88b0-b2e5293178c4_1029x365.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!amzD!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fac30937b-ef6e-43ce-88b0-b2e5293178c4_1029x365.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: Elaboraci&#243;n propia</p><p>Para calcular el WACC he asumido un market return del 8%, cogiendo como tasa libre de riesgo el bono a 20 a&#241;os de USA.</p><p>Fuente: Elaboraci&#243;n Propia</p><p>Por otra parte, si realizamos un escenario de sensibilidad y proyectamos diferentes Wacc y Perpetuity Growth, vemos los posibles escenarios y c&#243;mo se desenvolver&#225; el precio de la acci&#243;n cambiando estas variables. Adem&#225;s utilizamos un&nbsp; &#168;Sanity Check&#168; proyectando el Ebitda del 2022 a diferentes m&#250;ltiplos de valoraci&#243;n y diferentes Wacc con el mismo objetivo anterior: Recrear diversos precios y valoraciones a futuro, siendo esta proyecci&#243;n del ebitda de 2022&nbsp; ligeramente superior&nbsp; a la valoraci&#243;n mediante Wacc y Perpetuity growth.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!U5RS!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff73063b9-b397-47c5-aaac-466fb326c686_960x381.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!U5RS!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff73063b9-b397-47c5-aaac-466fb326c686_960x381.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!U5RS!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff73063b9-b397-47c5-aaac-466fb326c686_960x381.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!U5RS!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff73063b9-b397-47c5-aaac-466fb326c686_960x381.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!U5RS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff73063b9-b397-47c5-aaac-466fb326c686_960x381.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!U5RS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff73063b9-b397-47c5-aaac-466fb326c686_960x381.png" width="727" height="288.528125" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f73063b9-b397-47c5-aaac-466fb326c686_960x381.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:381,&quot;width&quot;:960,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:727,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!U5RS!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff73063b9-b397-47c5-aaac-466fb326c686_960x381.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!U5RS!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff73063b9-b397-47c5-aaac-466fb326c686_960x381.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!U5RS!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff73063b9-b397-47c5-aaac-466fb326c686_960x381.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!U5RS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff73063b9-b397-47c5-aaac-466fb326c686_960x381.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: Elaboraci&#243;n Propia</p><p>Por &#250;ltimo, si nos remitimos a p&#225;ginas web como Investing o Market Screener, el consenso de los diferentes analistas es exactamente igual al nuestro, situando el valor intr&#237;nseco de la acci&#243;n hasta un 12% superior al actual.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WA4D!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2d5a0f06-3df8-4f0f-a1a9-fabf9dccf77f_780x473.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WA4D!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2d5a0f06-3df8-4f0f-a1a9-fabf9dccf77f_780x473.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WA4D!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2d5a0f06-3df8-4f0f-a1a9-fabf9dccf77f_780x473.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WA4D!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2d5a0f06-3df8-4f0f-a1a9-fabf9dccf77f_780x473.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WA4D!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2d5a0f06-3df8-4f0f-a1a9-fabf9dccf77f_780x473.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WA4D!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2d5a0f06-3df8-4f0f-a1a9-fabf9dccf77f_780x473.png" width="441" height="267.42692307692306" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/2d5a0f06-3df8-4f0f-a1a9-fabf9dccf77f_780x473.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:473,&quot;width&quot;:780,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:441,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WA4D!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2d5a0f06-3df8-4f0f-a1a9-fabf9dccf77f_780x473.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WA4D!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2d5a0f06-3df8-4f0f-a1a9-fabf9dccf77f_780x473.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WA4D!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2d5a0f06-3df8-4f0f-a1a9-fabf9dccf77f_780x473.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WA4D!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2d5a0f06-3df8-4f0f-a1a9-fabf9dccf77f_780x473.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: Investing.com</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sxHs!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2070fdab-d078-43df-a160-2cad2888f391_818x429.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sxHs!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2070fdab-d078-43df-a160-2cad2888f391_818x429.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sxHs!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2070fdab-d078-43df-a160-2cad2888f391_818x429.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sxHs!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2070fdab-d078-43df-a160-2cad2888f391_818x429.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sxHs!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2070fdab-d078-43df-a160-2cad2888f391_818x429.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sxHs!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2070fdab-d078-43df-a160-2cad2888f391_818x429.png" width="341" height="178.83740831295844" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/2070fdab-d078-43df-a160-2cad2888f391_818x429.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:429,&quot;width&quot;:818,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:341,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sxHs!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2070fdab-d078-43df-a160-2cad2888f391_818x429.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sxHs!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2070fdab-d078-43df-a160-2cad2888f391_818x429.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sxHs!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2070fdab-d078-43df-a160-2cad2888f391_818x429.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sxHs!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2070fdab-d078-43df-a160-2cad2888f391_818x429.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: MarketScreener.com</p><p>Por &#250;ltimo, si realizamos un escenario de sensibilidad y proyectamos diferentes Wacc y Perpetuity Growth, vemos los posibles escenarios y c&#243;mo se desenvolver&#225; el precio de la acci&#243;n cambiando estas variables. Adem&#225;s utilizamos un &#168;Sanity Check&#168; proyectando el Ebitda del 2022 a diferentes m&#250;ltiplos de valoraci&#243;n y diferentes Wacc con el mismo objetivo anterior: Recrear diversos precios y valoraciones a futuro, siendo esta proyecci&#243;n del ebitda de 2022&nbsp; ligeramente inferior a la valoraci&#243;n mediante Wacc y Perpetuity growth.</p><h1><strong>5. Riesgos</strong></h1><ul><li><p><strong>Recesiones econ&#243;micas</strong>: Tiene exposici&#243;n a las recesiones econ&#243;micas y los impactos en la confianza del consumidor. Esto es problem&#225;tico ya que si los consumidores perciben menos ingresos o baja su capacidad de ahorro tienden a reducir sus gastos en art&#237;culos de lujo. Por otra parte, si la inflaci&#243;n sigue siendo persistente, es probable que &nbsp;pueda afectar al negocio y sus m&#225;rgenes durante al menos la mayor parte de 2023.</p></li></ul><ul><li><p><strong>Competencia</strong>: LVMH opera en una industria muy competitiva con una gran cantidad de marcas de lujo bien establecidas y nuevos participantes que compiten por posicionarse&nbsp; en el mercado. La competencia podr&#237;a generar presi&#243;n sobre los precios y los m&#225;rgenes. Mantener la imagen y la reputaci&#243;n de sus marcas es un elemento cr&#237;tico para la compa&#241;&#237;a.</p></li></ul><ul><li><p><strong>Riesgo Pa&#237;s</strong>: El mercado chino es uno de los m&#225;s grandes y un motor clave del crecimiento y la mayor&#237;a de China est&#225; bloqueada debido a la pol&#237;tica de 'cero COVID-19' de China.</p></li></ul><blockquote><p>B.Arnault: <em>&#8220;Estoy bastante seguro de que los l&#237;deres chinos son muy astutos y casi con certeza, utilizar&#225;n la reapertura para reiniciar el crecimiento chino. Si ese es el caso, tenemos todas las razones para confiar en el mercado chino. En Macao, donde los chinos ahora pueden viajar, el cambio es bastante espectacular, las tiendas est&#225;n llenas, realmente ha regresado a un ritmo muy fuerte&#8221;</em></p><p>La demanda en China este 2023 es en torno a un 30-40% m&#225;s baja seg&#250;n declar&#243; Bernard, sin embargo, el n&#250;mero de clientes potenciales est&#225; por encima de los niveles de 2019-2020.Esto se traduce en que el crecimiento ser&#225; explosivo y con ello vendr&#225; el aumento en los m&#225;rgenes operativos, una vez que la demanda se estabilice y las restricciones de movimiento desaparezcan.</p></blockquote><h1><strong>6. CONCLUSI&#211;N</strong></h1><p>Se trata de un negocio excepcional que atiende a todos los criterios establecidos para considerarlo como un negocio confiable y de calidad. El &#250;nico inconveniente es su valoraci&#243;n, la cual actualmente no es excesivamente atractiva. No obstante es dif&#237;cil encontrar empresas de semejante calidad cotizando a m&#250;ltiplos bajos.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uk8Y!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb1f93d2a-7b2f-4492-829b-606c6691f28a_1048x448.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uk8Y!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb1f93d2a-7b2f-4492-829b-606c6691f28a_1048x448.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uk8Y!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb1f93d2a-7b2f-4492-829b-606c6691f28a_1048x448.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uk8Y!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb1f93d2a-7b2f-4492-829b-606c6691f28a_1048x448.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uk8Y!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb1f93d2a-7b2f-4492-829b-606c6691f28a_1048x448.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uk8Y!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb1f93d2a-7b2f-4492-829b-606c6691f28a_1048x448.png" width="1048" height="448" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/b1f93d2a-7b2f-4492-829b-606c6691f28a_1048x448.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:448,&quot;width&quot;:1048,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:81569,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uk8Y!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb1f93d2a-7b2f-4492-829b-606c6691f28a_1048x448.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uk8Y!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb1f93d2a-7b2f-4492-829b-606c6691f28a_1048x448.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uk8Y!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb1f93d2a-7b2f-4492-829b-606c6691f28a_1048x448.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uk8Y!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb1f93d2a-7b2f-4492-829b-606c6691f28a_1048x448.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: Elaboraci&#243;n Propia</p><p>&#9888;&#65039;<strong> DISCLAIMER | AVISO LEGAL </strong>&#9888;&#65039;</p><p>Magno Investments no representa un servicio de asesoramiento financiero o servicio de inversi&#243;n.Toda la informaci&#243;n y material ofrecidos en el presente documento tienen un car&#225;cter totalmente educativo e informativo y no representan bajo ning&#250;n concepto una recomendaci&#243;n de compra o de venta de ning&#250;n activo financiero. (Art&#237;culo 63 de la Ley 24/1988, de 28 de julio, del Mercado de Valores, y en el art&#237;culo 5.1 del Real Decreto 217/2008, de 15 de febrero). Carlos Chaume y Magnoinvestments no se responsabilizan del uso que se haga de esta informaci&#243;n ni de la veracidad de las fuentes de la mismas. Antes de invertir en una cuenta real, es necesario tener la formaci&#243;n adecuada o en su defecto delegar dicha tarea en un profesional debidamente autorizado para ello.</p><p>Toda la informaci&#243;n&nbsp; facilitada desde Magnoinvestments es de car&#225;cter educativo e informativo y en ning&#250;n caso supone una recomendaci&#243;n de compra o de venta de ning&#250;n Valor burs&#225;til.&nbsp;</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[TESIS DE INVERSIÓN | VISA (V) ]]></title><description><![CDATA[Hola y Bienvenid@ a Magnoinvestments! Estrenamos la web con la publicaci&#243;n de nuestra primera tesis, en este caso sobre&#160; Visa, analizamos la mejor empresa del mundo en servicios de pago.]]></description><link>https://www.magnoinvestments.net/p/tesis-de-inversion-visa</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.magnoinvestments.net/p/tesis-de-inversion-visa</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[𝐌𝐀𝐆𝐍𝐎 𝐈𝐍𝐕𝐄𝐒𝐓𝐌𝐄𝐍𝐓𝐒 RESEARCH]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 25 Apr 2023 20:19:45 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/4db9663e-6874-4ae0-b50d-61daf6a14075_735x294.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IILo!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdca75dc0-826e-4fed-bdaf-97d770549e91_443x160.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IILo!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdca75dc0-826e-4fed-bdaf-97d770549e91_443x160.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IILo!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdca75dc0-826e-4fed-bdaf-97d770549e91_443x160.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IILo!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdca75dc0-826e-4fed-bdaf-97d770549e91_443x160.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IILo!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdca75dc0-826e-4fed-bdaf-97d770549e91_443x160.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IILo!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdca75dc0-826e-4fed-bdaf-97d770549e91_443x160.png" width="381" height="137.60722347629797" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/dca75dc0-826e-4fed-bdaf-97d770549e91_443x160.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:160,&quot;width&quot;:443,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:381,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IILo!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdca75dc0-826e-4fed-bdaf-97d770549e91_443x160.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IILo!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdca75dc0-826e-4fed-bdaf-97d770549e91_443x160.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IILo!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdca75dc0-826e-4fed-bdaf-97d770549e91_443x160.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IILo!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdca75dc0-826e-4fed-bdaf-97d770549e91_443x160.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><h5><strong>-Compa&#241;&#237;a: </strong>Visa Inc&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</h5><h5><strong>-Ticker:</strong> (V) <strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;</strong></h5><h5><strong>-Tipo de Inversi&#243;n:</strong> Big cap</h5><h5><strong>-Mercado de valores: </strong>NYSE ( USA)&nbsp;</h5><h5><strong>-Capitalizaci&#243;n Burs&#225;til: </strong>481.331,92 US$ mm</h5><h5><strong>-Precio acci&#243;n: </strong>232$&nbsp;</h5><p></p><h5><strong>&#205;NDICE:</strong></h5><h5><strong>1. BREVE HISTORIA&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </strong></h5><h5><strong>2. AN&#193;LISIS DEL SECTOR&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</strong></h5><h5><strong>3. AN&#193;LISIS DE LA EMPRESA&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </strong></h5><h5>    3.1. Fundamentales&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </h5><h5>    3.2. Negocio </h5><h5>    3.3. Moats o Ventajas competitivas&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </h5><h5>    3.4. Directiva </h5><h5><strong>4. Valoraci&#243;n&nbsp;&nbsp; </strong></h5><h5><strong>5. Riesgos&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </strong></h5><h5><strong>6. Conclusi&#243;n</strong></h5><h1><strong>1. BREVE HISTORIA</strong></h1><p>Visa (NYSE:V) es un negocio que no necesita presentaci&#243;n. Se trata de la compa&#241;&#237;a de tarjetas de cr&#233;dito m&#225;s grande y aceptada del mundo.</p><p>Esta&nbsp; multinacional de servicios financieros tiene sede en Foster City, California, Estados Unidos. Se encarga de facilitar transferencias electr&#243;nicas, y pagos digitales entre consumidores, comerciantes, instituciones financieras, empresas, socios estrat&#233;gicos y entidades gubernamentales. Estas operaciones se realizan a trav&#233;s de <strong><a href="https://www.visa.com.co/la-diferencia-visa/impacto-global/visanet-poder-conectar-mundo.html#:~:text=VisaNet%20es%20la%20red%20global,el%20n%C3%BAcleo%20de%20nuestro%20negocio.">VisaNet</a></strong>, una red de procesamiento de transacciones que permite la autorizaci&#243;n, compensaci&#243;n y liquidaci&#243;n de las transacciones.</p><p>Visa no emite tarjetas, no otorga cr&#233;dito ni establece tasas o tarifas para los consumidores sino que proporciona a las instituciones financieras productos de pago que luego usan para ofrecer programas de cr&#233;dito, d&#233;bito, prepago y acceso a efectivo a sus clientes.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bMRH!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbdc50802-76d6-4501-b67e-f7cd910cb300_800x450.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bMRH!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbdc50802-76d6-4501-b67e-f7cd910cb300_800x450.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bMRH!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbdc50802-76d6-4501-b67e-f7cd910cb300_800x450.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bMRH!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbdc50802-76d6-4501-b67e-f7cd910cb300_800x450.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bMRH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbdc50802-76d6-4501-b67e-f7cd910cb300_800x450.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bMRH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbdc50802-76d6-4501-b67e-f7cd910cb300_800x450.png" width="585" height="329.0625" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/bdc50802-76d6-4501-b67e-f7cd910cb300_800x450.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:450,&quot;width&quot;:800,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:585,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bMRH!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbdc50802-76d6-4501-b67e-f7cd910cb300_800x450.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bMRH!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbdc50802-76d6-4501-b67e-f7cd910cb300_800x450.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bMRH!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbdc50802-76d6-4501-b67e-f7cd910cb300_800x450.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bMRH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbdc50802-76d6-4501-b67e-f7cd910cb300_800x450.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fotograf&#237;a: Dee Hock. Fundador y director ejecutivo em&#233;rito de Visa.</p><blockquote><p>Dee Hock impuls&#243; a su equipo a lanzar VisaNet en 1973, asegurando que Visa ser&#237;a la primera organizaci&#243;n en digitalizar completamente las transacciones con tarjeta en el punto de venta.</p><p>Imagin&#243; un mundo de comercio sin fricciones en el que cualquier persona, en cualquier lugar, pudiera intercambiar valor &#8220;las 24 horas del d&#237;a, los siete d&#237;as de la semana, con absoluta confiabilidad&#8230; y que trascendiera el idioma, la cultura y la moneda&#8221;.</p></blockquote><p>La trayectoria de Visa empieza en 1958, el a&#241;o en que Bank of America lanz&#243; el primer programa de tarjetas de cr&#233;dito de consumo para clientes de clase media y peque&#241;os y medianos comerciantes de EE.UU. Dee Hocken en 1970 constituye National BankAmericard y en 1973 lanza el primer sistema de autorizaci&#243;n electr&#243;nica, posteriormente en 1976 BankAmeriCard se convierte en Visa.&nbsp;</p><p>Eventualmente:</p><p>-1983: Visa lanza el primer cajero autom&#225;tico, proporcionando dinero en efectivo "en cualquier momento y en cualquier lugar"</p><p>-1989: Visa ofrece la primera capacidad de firma electr&#243;nica.</p><p>-1993: El primero en su industria en habilitar la tecnolog&#237;a de redes neuronales para luchar contra el fraude.</p><p>-En 2007, empresas regionales de todo el mundo se fusionaron para formar Visa Inc y, en 2008, la empresa empez&#243; a cotizar en bolsa en una de las mayores ofertas p&#250;blicas iniciales de la historia.</p><p>-Finalmente en 2016, Visa complet&#243; la adquisici&#243;n de Visa Europa y se convirti&#243; esencialmente en la empresa&nbsp; tal y como la conocemos hasta el d&#237;a de hoy.</p><h1><strong>2. AN&#193;LISIS DEL SECTOR</strong></h1><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e-Tl!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F88fa77c7-892f-4246-8aca-42f8f0e0e40d_1000x592.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e-Tl!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F88fa77c7-892f-4246-8aca-42f8f0e0e40d_1000x592.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e-Tl!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F88fa77c7-892f-4246-8aca-42f8f0e0e40d_1000x592.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e-Tl!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F88fa77c7-892f-4246-8aca-42f8f0e0e40d_1000x592.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e-Tl!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F88fa77c7-892f-4246-8aca-42f8f0e0e40d_1000x592.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e-Tl!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F88fa77c7-892f-4246-8aca-42f8f0e0e40d_1000x592.png" width="1000" height="592" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/88fa77c7-892f-4246-8aca-42f8f0e0e40d_1000x592.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:592,&quot;width&quot;:1000,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e-Tl!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F88fa77c7-892f-4246-8aca-42f8f0e0e40d_1000x592.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e-Tl!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F88fa77c7-892f-4246-8aca-42f8f0e0e40d_1000x592.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e-Tl!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F88fa77c7-892f-4246-8aca-42f8f0e0e40d_1000x592.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e-Tl!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F88fa77c7-892f-4246-8aca-42f8f0e0e40d_1000x592.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: precedenceresearch.com</p><p>El tama&#241;o del mercado global de soluciones de procesamiento de pagos se estim&#243; en USD 92,25 mil millones en 2021 y se espera que supere los USD 572,6 mil millones para 2030 con una CAGR entorno al 22% de 2022 a 2030.</p><p>Acudiendo a otra fuente, situ&#225;ndose esta en el mercado de USA,&nbsp;vemos unas m&#233;tricas muy similares, estableciendo un crecimiento en dicha regi&#243;n del 18,5% para 2030.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DX3y!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6cfaebd0-d7b4-4506-bd4c-3846bb9cef8d_670x350.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DX3y!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6cfaebd0-d7b4-4506-bd4c-3846bb9cef8d_670x350.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DX3y!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6cfaebd0-d7b4-4506-bd4c-3846bb9cef8d_670x350.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DX3y!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6cfaebd0-d7b4-4506-bd4c-3846bb9cef8d_670x350.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DX3y!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6cfaebd0-d7b4-4506-bd4c-3846bb9cef8d_670x350.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DX3y!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6cfaebd0-d7b4-4506-bd4c-3846bb9cef8d_670x350.png" width="670" height="350" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/6cfaebd0-d7b4-4506-bd4c-3846bb9cef8d_670x350.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:350,&quot;width&quot;:670,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DX3y!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6cfaebd0-d7b4-4506-bd4c-3846bb9cef8d_670x350.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DX3y!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6cfaebd0-d7b4-4506-bd4c-3846bb9cef8d_670x350.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DX3y!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6cfaebd0-d7b4-4506-bd4c-3846bb9cef8d_670x350.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DX3y!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6cfaebd0-d7b4-4506-bd4c-3846bb9cef8d_670x350.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: grandviewresearch.com</p><p>El aumento mundial de la preferencia de los clientes por los pagos en tiempo real es uno de los principales factores que impulsan el crecimiento del mercado. Seg&#250;n las estad&#237;sticas proporcionadas por McKinsey &amp; Company, India registr&#243; 25.600 millones de transacciones en tiempo real en 2020, lo que representa un aumento del 70 % con respecto a 2019.</p><p>Y es que el sector presenta enormes vientos de cola tales como: El aumento del E-commerce, el crecimiento org&#225;nico de la poblaci&#243;n mundial, el aumento de la clase media, el uso de smartphones en las econom&#237;as emergentes, as&#237; como el cambio en los ha&#769;bitos de consumo y la digitalizaci&#243;n de los negocios, repercutira&#769;n positivamente en las empresas del sector.</p><p>Profundizando en el E-commerce, vemos que de 2021 a 2024, se espera que el comercio electr&#243;nico crezca a una tasa anualizada del 10,55 %. De hecho, para 2024, se espera que el comercio electr&#243;nico minorista genere $ 6,4 billones en ventas en todo el mundo, lo que equivale al 21,8% de las ventas minoristas totales.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-hZr!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcefb8863-6673-439e-ad89-cdaa42084dc9_675x443.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-hZr!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcefb8863-6673-439e-ad89-cdaa42084dc9_675x443.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-hZr!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcefb8863-6673-439e-ad89-cdaa42084dc9_675x443.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-hZr!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcefb8863-6673-439e-ad89-cdaa42084dc9_675x443.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-hZr!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcefb8863-6673-439e-ad89-cdaa42084dc9_675x443.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-hZr!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcefb8863-6673-439e-ad89-cdaa42084dc9_675x443.png" width="629" height="412.8103703703704" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/cefb8863-6673-439e-ad89-cdaa42084dc9_675x443.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:443,&quot;width&quot;:675,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:629,&quot;bytes&quot;:104268,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-hZr!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcefb8863-6673-439e-ad89-cdaa42084dc9_675x443.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-hZr!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcefb8863-6673-439e-ad89-cdaa42084dc9_675x443.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-hZr!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcefb8863-6673-439e-ad89-cdaa42084dc9_675x443.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-hZr!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcefb8863-6673-439e-ad89-cdaa42084dc9_675x443.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Por otro lado y atendiendo a otro factor de viento de cola como el uso de smartphones, vemos como en la industria de pagos digitales se diferencian las transacciones en un punto de venta (PoS) y transacciones sin l&#237;nea (comercio electr&#243;nico). En ambos segmentos, se espera que las billeteras digitales y billeteras de m&#243;viles contin&#250;en aumentando su participaci&#243;n en las transacciones, as&#237; como las tarjetas de cr&#233;dito y d&#233;bito (PoS).</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4yDM!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb709fc38-e834-44ea-a978-7004bd8187f8_1031x362.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4yDM!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb709fc38-e834-44ea-a978-7004bd8187f8_1031x362.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4yDM!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb709fc38-e834-44ea-a978-7004bd8187f8_1031x362.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4yDM!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb709fc38-e834-44ea-a978-7004bd8187f8_1031x362.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4yDM!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb709fc38-e834-44ea-a978-7004bd8187f8_1031x362.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4yDM!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb709fc38-e834-44ea-a978-7004bd8187f8_1031x362.png" width="703" height="246.8341416100873" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/b709fc38-e834-44ea-a978-7004bd8187f8_1031x362.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:362,&quot;width&quot;:1031,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:703,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4yDM!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb709fc38-e834-44ea-a978-7004bd8187f8_1031x362.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4yDM!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb709fc38-e834-44ea-a978-7004bd8187f8_1031x362.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4yDM!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb709fc38-e834-44ea-a978-7004bd8187f8_1031x362.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4yDM!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb709fc38-e834-44ea-a978-7004bd8187f8_1031x362.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: www2.deloitte.com</p><p>La industria de pagos est&#225; experimentando una mayor consolidaci&#243;n, debido a la creciente competencia y la carrera por la escala de negocio.</p><p>La pregunta principal para los proveedores y las redes de pago es si es probable que las soluciones que se adhieren a estos m&#233;todos de pago reemplacen a las tarjetas en las transacciones de comercio electr&#243;nico y puntos de venta.</p><p>Para adelantarse a esta tendencia, VISA ha estado invirtiendo en soluciones para pagos digitales. Esto podr&#237;a desvanecer los l&#237;mites entre los proveedores de servicios de pago y las redes y aumentar la competencia entre ellos.</p><div><hr></div><p><strong>Dentro de&nbsp; la industria de pagos diferenciamos claramente varios tipos de empresas, las cuales seg&#250;n su funci&#243;n&nbsp; se pueden dividir en:&nbsp;&nbsp;</strong></p><p><strong>-Los adquirentes ( Acquirers ):</strong> Permiten a los comerciantes aceptar pagos electr&#243;nicos. Pueden ser instituciones financieras o procesadores de pagos independientes.</p><p><strong>-Las redes de pago ( Networks ):&nbsp;</strong> Son empresas como Visa o&nbsp; Mastercard que proporcionan la infraestructura para el procesamiento de pagos y facilitan el flujo de fondos entre adquirentes y emisores.</p><p><strong>-Los emisores ( Issuers ): </strong>Son instituciones financieras que emiten tarjetas de pago a los consumidores y son responsables de autorizar y liquidar transacciones. Son los nombres de los bancos en tu tarjeta de cr&#233;dito.</p><p><strong>-Las puertas de enlace o ( Gateways ): </strong>Proporcionan un puente entre los comerciantes y las redes de pago o adquirentes, lo que les permite procesar pagos en l&#237;nea. Encriptan la informaci&#243;n de pago y brindan funciones adicionales.</p><p><strong>-Los ISO: </strong>Son proveedores de servicios de pago de terceros que trabajan con adquirentes y redes de pago para brindar servicios de procesamiento de pagos a los comerciantes.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MFQC!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F83737450-1c98-44f5-9a66-07374ef98dfa_1200x900.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MFQC!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F83737450-1c98-44f5-9a66-07374ef98dfa_1200x900.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MFQC!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F83737450-1c98-44f5-9a66-07374ef98dfa_1200x900.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MFQC!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F83737450-1c98-44f5-9a66-07374ef98dfa_1200x900.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MFQC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F83737450-1c98-44f5-9a66-07374ef98dfa_1200x900.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MFQC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F83737450-1c98-44f5-9a66-07374ef98dfa_1200x900.png" width="1200" height="900" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/83737450-1c98-44f5-9a66-07374ef98dfa_1200x900.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:900,&quot;width&quot;:1200,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MFQC!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F83737450-1c98-44f5-9a66-07374ef98dfa_1200x900.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MFQC!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F83737450-1c98-44f5-9a66-07374ef98dfa_1200x900.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MFQC!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F83737450-1c98-44f5-9a66-07374ef98dfa_1200x900.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MFQC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F83737450-1c98-44f5-9a66-07374ef98dfa_1200x900.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: www.insider.com</p><p>Cada una realiza unas funciones para el procesamiento del pago, en muchas ocasiones ejerciendo una de ellas doble funcionalidad como podr&#237;a ser el caso de las billeteras m&#243;viles, como PayPal. Esta &#250;ltima tambi&#233;n puede actuar como la red de transacciones para el consumidor, reemplazando las redes de tarjetas. En ese caso, los comerciantes tambi&#233;n pueden conectarse directamente al proveedor de la billetera en lugar de pasar por un procesador. Entonces las funciones de puerta de enlace y adquirente/procesador tambi&#233;n ser&#225;n desempe&#241;adas por la billetera digital.</p><p>En este caso y como ven&#237;amos comentando, Visa cumple la funci&#243;n de Redes (networks). Esta conecta a todas las partes implicadas, supervisa la actividad de procesamiento de pagos, controla la liquidaci&#243;n de operaciones, y regula y gestiona el cumplimiento de las correspondientes pol&#237;ticas de cumplimiento.</p><p>En definitiva, tanto Visa como las anteriores tipos de empresas mencionadas permiten conjuntamente el procesamiento de pagos, el cual&nbsp;permite a las empresas aceptar varios m&#233;todos de pago, incluidas tarjetas de cr&#233;dito y d&#233;bito. Cuando un cliente desliza su tarjeta, la informaci&#243;n de pago se env&#237;a a trav&#233;s de una red de bancos y procesadores de pago para garantizar que se autorice la transacci&#243;n y que los fondos se transfieran de forma segura.</p><p><strong>                             FUNCIONAMIENTO INDUSTRIA DE PAGOS</strong></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0qQF!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffda06575-7872-42a0-af7a-7fcbc008efcf_820x644.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0qQF!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffda06575-7872-42a0-af7a-7fcbc008efcf_820x644.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0qQF!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffda06575-7872-42a0-af7a-7fcbc008efcf_820x644.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0qQF!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffda06575-7872-42a0-af7a-7fcbc008efcf_820x644.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0qQF!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffda06575-7872-42a0-af7a-7fcbc008efcf_820x644.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0qQF!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffda06575-7872-42a0-af7a-7fcbc008efcf_820x644.png" width="572" height="449.22926829268295" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/fda06575-7872-42a0-af7a-7fcbc008efcf_820x644.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:644,&quot;width&quot;:820,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:572,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0qQF!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffda06575-7872-42a0-af7a-7fcbc008efcf_820x644.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0qQF!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffda06575-7872-42a0-af7a-7fcbc008efcf_820x644.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0qQF!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffda06575-7872-42a0-af7a-7fcbc008efcf_820x644.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0qQF!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffda06575-7872-42a0-af7a-7fcbc008efcf_820x644.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: www2.deloitte.com</p><p>1. En primer lugar el cliente selecciona los bienes que quiere comprar y opta por pagar con tarjeta.</p><p>2. El comerciante env&#237;a la transacci&#243;n al banco adquirente (banco del comerciante)&nbsp;</p><p>3. El banco adquirente env&#237;a la transacci&#243;n al banco emisor ( banco del cliente)</p><p>4. El banco emisor aprueba la transacci&#243;n y remite el precio de los bienes al</p><p>banco adquirente (menos un cargo acordado).</p><p>5. El banco adquirente paga al comerciante el precio de los bienes (menos un cargo acordado).</p><p>6. La cuenta del consumidor se carga por el precio de los bienes.</p><div><hr></div><p><strong>                               Ventajas respecto a los procesadores de pagos</strong></p><p>Las redes de tarjetas, como VISA y Mastercard, se encuentran entre las m&#225;s grandes empresas de pago en t&#233;rminos de ingresos. Sus ingresos provienen principalmente de las comisiones cobradas a emisores y adquirentes de tarjetas para procesamiento de datos y otros servicios. Estas tarifas son generalmente basadas en vol&#250;menes brutos totales en d&#243;lares. Proveedores de servicios de pago, como Adyen generan vol&#250;menes m&#225;s bajos.</p><p>En t&#233;rminos de rentabilidad promedio retorno sobre el capital empleado <strong><a href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/roce.asp">(ROCE)</a></strong>, la red de compa&#241;&#237;as como Mastercard, Visa, PayPal y American Express (AmEx) tienen m&#225;s ROCE que los procesadores de pago y los proveedores de pasarela. El ROCE medio de todos los proveedores de pago cayeron de aprox. 10,2% en 2019 a aprox. 9,1% en LTM 2021, debido al aumento de la competencia y la consiguiente presi&#243;n sobre las tarifas.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hoNt!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F599393c5-a549-46a2-8abe-ee28ce2d5853_980x895.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hoNt!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F599393c5-a549-46a2-8abe-ee28ce2d5853_980x895.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hoNt!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F599393c5-a549-46a2-8abe-ee28ce2d5853_980x895.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hoNt!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F599393c5-a549-46a2-8abe-ee28ce2d5853_980x895.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hoNt!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F599393c5-a549-46a2-8abe-ee28ce2d5853_980x895.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hoNt!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F599393c5-a549-46a2-8abe-ee28ce2d5853_980x895.png" width="980" height="895" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/599393c5-a549-46a2-8abe-ee28ce2d5853_980x895.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:895,&quot;width&quot;:980,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hoNt!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F599393c5-a549-46a2-8abe-ee28ce2d5853_980x895.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hoNt!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F599393c5-a549-46a2-8abe-ee28ce2d5853_980x895.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hoNt!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F599393c5-a549-46a2-8abe-ee28ce2d5853_980x895.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hoNt!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F599393c5-a549-46a2-8abe-ee28ce2d5853_980x895.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: www2.deloitte.com</p><p>Los proveedores de servicios de pago tienen un mayor gasto en I+D que los &#776;Networks &#776;</p><p>Esto da como resultado m&#225;rgenes m&#225;s altos para las redes que para los proveedores de servicios de pago. Esta variable se puede ver reflejada en la siguiente imagen:</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!misK!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8425505e-d979-43bc-a42a-719aa2f75aea_936x460.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!misK!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8425505e-d979-43bc-a42a-719aa2f75aea_936x460.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!misK!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8425505e-d979-43bc-a42a-719aa2f75aea_936x460.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!misK!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8425505e-d979-43bc-a42a-719aa2f75aea_936x460.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!misK!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8425505e-d979-43bc-a42a-719aa2f75aea_936x460.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!misK!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8425505e-d979-43bc-a42a-719aa2f75aea_936x460.png" width="936" height="460" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/8425505e-d979-43bc-a42a-719aa2f75aea_936x460.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:460,&quot;width&quot;:936,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!misK!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8425505e-d979-43bc-a42a-719aa2f75aea_936x460.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!misK!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8425505e-d979-43bc-a42a-719aa2f75aea_936x460.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!misK!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8425505e-d979-43bc-a42a-719aa2f75aea_936x460.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!misK!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8425505e-d979-43bc-a42a-719aa2f75aea_936x460.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: www2.deloitte.com</p><p>Por &#250;ltimo echando un  vistazo al rendimiento del sector financiero durante lo que llevamos del periodo 2023 podemos ver&nbsp;que en t&#233;rminos generales empresas como Visa y Mastercard est&#225;n desarroll&#225;ndose de forma positiva. Esto es debido principalmente la naturaleza de su negocio, el cual se beneficia de la inflaci&#243;n, ya que los consumidores tienen que pagar cada vez m&#225;s por la compra de los productos y servicios y por ende utilizar los servicios de tarjetas para dicho pago. Esta subida de precios se traduce en beneficios para este tipo de empresas que act&#250;an como correa de transmisi&#243;n entre los consumidores y los negocios.</p><p>Sin embargo no podemos decir lo mismo de los bancos, los cuales acumulan numerosas ca&#237;das debido a la quiebra y a la reciente crisis de liquidez de algunas entidades tales como Silicon Valley Bank o Credit Suisse Group.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xqar!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F818e57da-089f-4185-a047-eed8d4eef279_833x556.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xqar!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F818e57da-089f-4185-a047-eed8d4eef279_833x556.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xqar!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F818e57da-089f-4185-a047-eed8d4eef279_833x556.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xqar!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F818e57da-089f-4185-a047-eed8d4eef279_833x556.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xqar!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F818e57da-089f-4185-a047-eed8d4eef279_833x556.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xqar!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F818e57da-089f-4185-a047-eed8d4eef279_833x556.png" width="833" height="556" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/818e57da-089f-4185-a047-eed8d4eef279_833x556.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:556,&quot;width&quot;:833,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xqar!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F818e57da-089f-4185-a047-eed8d4eef279_833x556.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xqar!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F818e57da-089f-4185-a047-eed8d4eef279_833x556.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xqar!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F818e57da-089f-4185-a047-eed8d4eef279_833x556.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xqar!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F818e57da-089f-4185-a047-eed8d4eef279_833x556.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: Finviz.com</p><p>Entre los competidores de Visa encontramos empresas como American Express, o Mastercard.</p><div><hr></div><p><strong>                                EJEMPLO COMPETENCIA (MASTERCARD)</strong></p><p>Visa tiene una cuota de mercado del 60% (excluyendo China) dobla la de su mayor competidor, Mastercard. Su modelo de negocio puede ser contemplado como un royalty directo a la actividad y al consumo global.</p><p><strong>VENTAJAS:</strong> Visa paga el 21% de sus ventas brutas en incentivos a sus clientes frente al 32% de Mastercard. Hist&#243;ricamente, Visa ha sido capaz de pagar un menor porcentaje de sus ingresos que Mastercard, la cual ha pagado m&#225;s del 30% la mayor&#237;a de los a&#241;os. Es posible que uno de los motivos sea el mayor volumen de transacciones que procesa Visa as&#237; como el n&#250;mero de puntos de venta, otorg&#225;ndole un mayor poder de negociaci&#243;n.</p><p><strong>DESVENTAJAS</strong>: Mastercard tiene un mayor peso en transacciones de cr&#233;dito comparado con Visa. Tener una mayor proporci&#243;n del GDV en forma de transacciones de cr&#233;dito permite ingresar m&#225;s por cada transacci&#243;n realizada. Y ello a su vez contrarrestar hasta cierto punto la dependencia de aumentar el volumen total de transacciones.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ids_!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8f52e12c-9ed0-418a-9384-d5eb3d6db8f3_1106x1044.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ids_!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8f52e12c-9ed0-418a-9384-d5eb3d6db8f3_1106x1044.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ids_!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8f52e12c-9ed0-418a-9384-d5eb3d6db8f3_1106x1044.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ids_!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8f52e12c-9ed0-418a-9384-d5eb3d6db8f3_1106x1044.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ids_!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8f52e12c-9ed0-418a-9384-d5eb3d6db8f3_1106x1044.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ids_!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8f52e12c-9ed0-418a-9384-d5eb3d6db8f3_1106x1044.png" width="503" height="474.80289330922244" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/8f52e12c-9ed0-418a-9384-d5eb3d6db8f3_1106x1044.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1044,&quot;width&quot;:1106,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:503,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ids_!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8f52e12c-9ed0-418a-9384-d5eb3d6db8f3_1106x1044.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ids_!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8f52e12c-9ed0-418a-9384-d5eb3d6db8f3_1106x1044.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ids_!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8f52e12c-9ed0-418a-9384-d5eb3d6db8f3_1106x1044.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ids_!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8f52e12c-9ed0-418a-9384-d5eb3d6db8f3_1106x1044.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: www2.deloitte.com</p><p>Visa y Mastercard llevan ma&#769;s de 60 an&#771;os ganando cuota frente a los me&#769;todos de pago tradicionales, pero el 80% de las transacciones globales todavi&#769;a se siguen haciendo con efectivo y cheques (~80% en mercados emergentes y &gt;50% en mercados desarrollados)</p><h1><strong>3. AN&#193;LISIS DE LA EMPRESA</strong></h1><h2><strong>3.1. Fundamentales</strong></h2><p>Observando los fundamentales de la empresa en l&#237;neas generales nos encontramos un balance y unas cuentas muy saneadas, empezando por los ingresos que presentan un crecimiento s&#243;lido y constante acumulado del 11,3% en los &#250;ltimos 7 a&#241;os.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dS9z!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a3b0c39-5e33-4404-a002-63df756a8a8b_755x347.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dS9z!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a3b0c39-5e33-4404-a002-63df756a8a8b_755x347.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dS9z!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a3b0c39-5e33-4404-a002-63df756a8a8b_755x347.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dS9z!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a3b0c39-5e33-4404-a002-63df756a8a8b_755x347.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dS9z!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a3b0c39-5e33-4404-a002-63df756a8a8b_755x347.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dS9z!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a3b0c39-5e33-4404-a002-63df756a8a8b_755x347.png" width="755" height="347" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/1a3b0c39-5e33-4404-a002-63df756a8a8b_755x347.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:347,&quot;width&quot;:755,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dS9z!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a3b0c39-5e33-4404-a002-63df756a8a8b_755x347.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dS9z!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a3b0c39-5e33-4404-a002-63df756a8a8b_755x347.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dS9z!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a3b0c39-5e33-4404-a002-63df756a8a8b_755x347.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dS9z!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a3b0c39-5e33-4404-a002-63df756a8a8b_755x347.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: Tikr</p><p>Por otra parte cabe destacar los magn&#237;ficos m&#225;rgenes, tanto ebit como ebitda y c&#243;mo estos se van sosteniendo alrededor del 66% a lo largo del tiempo. Esto es debido a su escalabilidad y efecto red propios de estos tipos de negocio.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pzM0!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd6f022e0-9b56-4b78-878b-d0ab53b81830_1149x366.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pzM0!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd6f022e0-9b56-4b78-878b-d0ab53b81830_1149x366.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pzM0!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd6f022e0-9b56-4b78-878b-d0ab53b81830_1149x366.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pzM0!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd6f022e0-9b56-4b78-878b-d0ab53b81830_1149x366.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pzM0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd6f022e0-9b56-4b78-878b-d0ab53b81830_1149x366.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pzM0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd6f022e0-9b56-4b78-878b-d0ab53b81830_1149x366.png" width="1149" height="366" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/d6f022e0-9b56-4b78-878b-d0ab53b81830_1149x366.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:366,&quot;width&quot;:1149,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pzM0!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd6f022e0-9b56-4b78-878b-d0ab53b81830_1149x366.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pzM0!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd6f022e0-9b56-4b78-878b-d0ab53b81830_1149x366.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pzM0!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd6f022e0-9b56-4b78-878b-d0ab53b81830_1149x366.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pzM0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd6f022e0-9b56-4b78-878b-d0ab53b81830_1149x366.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: Tikr</p><p>A pesar de su &#168;modesto&#168; crecimiento podemos ver como sus eps y dividendos han crecido a tasas superiores. Desde 2017 hasta 2022 (&#250;ltimos 5 a&#241;os) sus EPS ( lo que realmente importa y refleja el comportamiento de la acci&#243;n) han crecido a una tasa del 16,2%. Esto es mayormente debido al retorno generado al accionista v&#237;a recompra de acciones por parte de la directiva.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pIWO!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F558b45d4-ef5e-4d11-9edb-92347abf038c_1305x127.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pIWO!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F558b45d4-ef5e-4d11-9edb-92347abf038c_1305x127.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pIWO!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F558b45d4-ef5e-4d11-9edb-92347abf038c_1305x127.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pIWO!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F558b45d4-ef5e-4d11-9edb-92347abf038c_1305x127.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pIWO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F558b45d4-ef5e-4d11-9edb-92347abf038c_1305x127.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pIWO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F558b45d4-ef5e-4d11-9edb-92347abf038c_1305x127.png" width="1305" height="127" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/558b45d4-ef5e-4d11-9edb-92347abf038c_1305x127.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:127,&quot;width&quot;:1305,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pIWO!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F558b45d4-ef5e-4d11-9edb-92347abf038c_1305x127.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pIWO!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F558b45d4-ef5e-4d11-9edb-92347abf038c_1305x127.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pIWO!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F558b45d4-ef5e-4d11-9edb-92347abf038c_1305x127.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pIWO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F558b45d4-ef5e-4d11-9edb-92347abf038c_1305x127.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: Tikr</p><p>Su modelo ligero en activos ( Asset light)&nbsp; hace que su <strong><a href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/capitalexpenditure.asp">Capex </a></strong>de mantenimiento apenas le suponga un 2-3% de la facturacio&#769;n bruta.</p><p>Vemos como este ha pasado de $414 a $970 millones desde 2015, mientras que el FCF ha pasado de $6170 millones a $17289 millones. El exceso de flujo de caja ha permitido distribuir m&#225;s de $50B entre dividendos y recompras de acciones desde entonces.</p><p><strong>En cuanto a los ratios clave destacamos:</strong></p><p><strong>ROE: </strong>Tiene un Roe creciente a&nbsp;lo largo del tiempo, esto a su vez est&#225;&nbsp;ligado a la ausencia de endeudamiento y&nbsp;al aumento constante de los ingresos y activos por parte de la compa&#241;&#237;a.</p><p><strong>ROCE: </strong>Debido a las peque&#241;as pero constantes adquisiciones por parte de la empresa, vemos un Roce inferior incluyendo el <strong><a href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/goodwill.asp">Goodwill</a></strong>, no obstante sigue marc&#225;ndose en baremos alt&#237;simos, propios de este tipo de negocios.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OIgW!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31e38e0c-16ef-4543-bc21-03a62365a69a_891x238.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OIgW!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31e38e0c-16ef-4543-bc21-03a62365a69a_891x238.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OIgW!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31e38e0c-16ef-4543-bc21-03a62365a69a_891x238.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OIgW!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31e38e0c-16ef-4543-bc21-03a62365a69a_891x238.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OIgW!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31e38e0c-16ef-4543-bc21-03a62365a69a_891x238.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OIgW!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31e38e0c-16ef-4543-bc21-03a62365a69a_891x238.png" width="891" height="238" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/31e38e0c-16ef-4543-bc21-03a62365a69a_891x238.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:238,&quot;width&quot;:891,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OIgW!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31e38e0c-16ef-4543-bc21-03a62365a69a_891x238.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OIgW!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31e38e0c-16ef-4543-bc21-03a62365a69a_891x238.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OIgW!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31e38e0c-16ef-4543-bc21-03a62365a69a_891x238.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OIgW!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31e38e0c-16ef-4543-bc21-03a62365a69a_891x238.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: Elaboraci&#243;n Propia</p><p><strong>Deuda: </strong>Respecto a la deuda vemos como esta es&nbsp;pr&#225;cticamente inexistente. En los &#250;ltimos 5 a&#241;os, nunca ha excedido 1x veces, siendo este un ratio muy conservador.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GNu3!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fefcbc1e9-e8a6-4fc2-b51d-86f212fdd716_1600x149.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GNu3!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fefcbc1e9-e8a6-4fc2-b51d-86f212fdd716_1600x149.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GNu3!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fefcbc1e9-e8a6-4fc2-b51d-86f212fdd716_1600x149.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GNu3!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fefcbc1e9-e8a6-4fc2-b51d-86f212fdd716_1600x149.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GNu3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fefcbc1e9-e8a6-4fc2-b51d-86f212fdd716_1600x149.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GNu3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fefcbc1e9-e8a6-4fc2-b51d-86f212fdd716_1600x149.png" width="1456" height="136" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/efcbc1e9-e8a6-4fc2-b51d-86f212fdd716_1600x149.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:136,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GNu3!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fefcbc1e9-e8a6-4fc2-b51d-86f212fdd716_1600x149.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GNu3!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fefcbc1e9-e8a6-4fc2-b51d-86f212fdd716_1600x149.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GNu3!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fefcbc1e9-e8a6-4fc2-b51d-86f212fdd716_1600x149.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GNu3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fefcbc1e9-e8a6-4fc2-b51d-86f212fdd716_1600x149.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>&nbsp;</strong>Fuente: Tikr</p><h2><strong>3.2. Negocio</strong></h2><p><strong>MODELO DE NEGOCIO</strong></p><p>Visa opera la red electro&#769;nica de pagos ma&#769;s grande del mundo. A trave&#769;s de su infraestructura de red (VisaNet) proporcionando transacciones ra&#769;pidas y seguras en ma&#769;s de 200 pai&#769;ses. Visa transfiere informacio&#769;n y dinero entre consumidores, negocios, instituciones financieras y gobiernos. Entre las 3,4 billones de tarjetas Visa (de&#769;bito, cre&#769;dito y prepago) que hay en todo el mundo&nbsp; y los 61 millones de negocios/puntos de venta que las aceptan, Visa procesa 138B de transacciones al an&#771;o, por tanto seis de cada diez transacciones se realizan a trav&#233;s de Visa.</p><p>Podemos pensar que los negocios como Visa o Mastercard pueden llegar a ser c&#237;clicos, pues sus ingresos dependen del gasto y del consumo mundial de los bienes y servicios.</p><p>Nada m&#225;s lejos de la realidad,&nbsp;la naturaleza del negocio hace que sea resiliente ante un escenario macroecon&#243;mico complicado. El mejor ejemplo es el reciente periodo inflacionario (que actualmente estamos sufriendo) y la capacidad de estas empresas de beneficiarse, ya que los consumidores tienen que pagar cada vez m&#225;s por la compra de los productos y servicios, y por ende utilizar los servicios de tarjetas para dicho pago. Esta subida de precios se traduce en beneficios para este tipo de empresas que act&#250;an como correa de transmisi&#243;n de la econom&#237;a y el consumo.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7b6I!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0edb3de2-a529-451c-9885-745279793765_711x333.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7b6I!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0edb3de2-a529-451c-9885-745279793765_711x333.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7b6I!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0edb3de2-a529-451c-9885-745279793765_711x333.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7b6I!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0edb3de2-a529-451c-9885-745279793765_711x333.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7b6I!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0edb3de2-a529-451c-9885-745279793765_711x333.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7b6I!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0edb3de2-a529-451c-9885-745279793765_711x333.png" width="711" height="333" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/0edb3de2-a529-451c-9885-745279793765_711x333.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:333,&quot;width&quot;:711,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7b6I!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0edb3de2-a529-451c-9885-745279793765_711x333.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7b6I!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0edb3de2-a529-451c-9885-745279793765_711x333.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7b6I!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0edb3de2-a529-451c-9885-745279793765_711x333.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7b6I!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0edb3de2-a529-451c-9885-745279793765_711x333.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: Visa 2022 Annual Report</p><p>Podemos ver el incre&#237;ble desarrollo del negocio en el siguiente gr&#225;fico, donde se compara el rendimiento total acumulativo de las acciones ordinarias de Visa con el retorno sobre el &#237;ndice Standard &amp; Poor's 500 y el &#237;ndice de procesamiento de datos Standard &amp; Poor's 500 desde el 30 de septiembre de 2017 hasta el 30 de septiembre de 2022. La comparaci&#243;n asume que se invirtieron $100 el 30 de septiembre de 2017 y que los dividendos se reinvirtieron.&nbsp;</p><p>El negocio crece de forma org&#225;nica aunque&nbsp;Visa adquiere y se asocia con diferentes entidades&nbsp;dejando espacio para crecer en nuevos segmentos, como las criptomonedas, y cerrar acuerdos con <strong><a href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/fintech.asp">Fintech</a></strong>. Un ejemplo de estos los encontramos en:</p><p><strong>Earthport </strong></p><p>El crecimiento del comercio electr&#243;nico y la creciente competencia en el mercado de procesamiento de pagos internacionales llevaron a Visa a adquirir Earthport por $320 millones en mayo de 2019. Earthport es una empresa que ofrece servicios de pago transfronterizos a bancos, proveedores de servicios de transferencia de dinero y empresas a trav&#233;s de la red ACH independiente m&#225;s grande del mundo</p><p>Con la adquisici&#243;n de Earthport, Visa fortaleci&#243; sus capacidades de pago de transacciones internacionales al incluir una red de c&#225;maras de compensaci&#243;n automatizada independiente en su cartera de productos.</p><p><strong>Payworks </strong></p><p>Como parte de su asociaci&#243;n estrat&#233;gica, Visa ha estado mejorando su plataforma CyberSource con Payworks desde 2018 antes de adquirir esta &#250;ltima en julio de 2019. </p><p>Payworks es un proveedor de software de pasarela de pago que simplifica la conectividad de pago cara a cara. Al combinar las mejores capacidades de pago m&#243;vil y comercio electr&#243;nico de su clase de CyberSource con la arquitectura basada en la nube de Payworks, los clientes comerciantes y adquirientes de Visa podr&#225;n respaldar transacciones cara a cara en una variedad de tipos de terminales POS.</p><p>Como hemos mencionado, Visa no es una institucio&#769;n financiera. Por lo tanto no genera ningu&#769;n tipo de ingreso por los intereses que se aplican a los consumidores por usar o financiar con sus tarjetas. Los clientes de Visa son las 13 millones de entidades financieras que se encargan de emitir dichas tarjetas. Son ellas las que establecen sus comisiones de uso y de financiacio&#769;n. A su vez, en ellas recae la responsabilidad de determinar estas condiciones y de asumir el riesgo crediticio.</p><p>La estabilidad y recurrencia de los ingresos de la compa&#241;&#237;a no dependen directamente de la capacidad del consumidor para hacer frente a los cargos de su tarjeta. Por tanto, Visa no se dedica a emitir tarjetas sino que se limita a gestionar los procesos de pago.</p><blockquote><p><strong>FUNCIONAMIENTO</strong></p></blockquote><p><strong>Visa genera ingresos por el volumen de pagos realizados con sus productos y por el nu&#769;mero de transacciones procesadas en su red</strong>. Una transaccio&#769;n corriente empieza de la mano del consumidor y en el proceso se ven involucradas principalmente 5 partes:</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FnIQ!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6620bd60-452e-4013-ad64-a806d216251d_803x351.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FnIQ!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6620bd60-452e-4013-ad64-a806d216251d_803x351.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FnIQ!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6620bd60-452e-4013-ad64-a806d216251d_803x351.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FnIQ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6620bd60-452e-4013-ad64-a806d216251d_803x351.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FnIQ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6620bd60-452e-4013-ad64-a806d216251d_803x351.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FnIQ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6620bd60-452e-4013-ad64-a806d216251d_803x351.png" width="803" height="351" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/6620bd60-452e-4013-ad64-a806d216251d_803x351.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:351,&quot;width&quot;:803,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FnIQ!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6620bd60-452e-4013-ad64-a806d216251d_803x351.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FnIQ!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6620bd60-452e-4013-ad64-a806d216251d_803x351.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FnIQ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6620bd60-452e-4013-ad64-a806d216251d_803x351.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FnIQ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6620bd60-452e-4013-ad64-a806d216251d_803x351.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: www.ivanparraga.com</p><p>El sistema de pago de la web recoge los datos de tu tarjeta y los traspasa al banco adquirente (banco del comercio) de forma segura.</p><p>El banco adquirente solicita a Visa la autorizaci&#243;n del banco emisor (tu banco) </p><p>Visa env&#237;a la transacci&#243;n a tu banco para obtener su permiso (conecta a trav&#233;s de Visanet a los dos bancos).</p><p>Una vez tu banco ha autorizado la transacci&#243;n, Visa reenvi&#769;a la autorizacio&#769;n al banco del comercio o persona que realiza la venta o servicio (banco adquiriente).</p><p>El banco emisor lee el resultado y transmite la autorizacio&#769;n o denegacio&#769;n al terminal de venta.</p><div><hr></div><blockquote><p><strong>Partes Implicadas</strong></p></blockquote><ul><li><p>Poseedor de la tarjeta: El consumidor decide pagar con una tarjeta Visa para adquirir un producto o servicio. La terminal de pago lee el nu&#769;mero de cuenta bancaria asociado a esa tarjeta mediante su chip o ima&#769;n.</p></li><li><p>Comercio o persona que realiza la venta o servicio (fi&#769;sico u online): El terminal de pago transmite la informacio&#769;n de la tarjeta y el importe de la operacio&#769;n al banco del comercio o de la persona que realiza la venta de dicho servicio.</p></li><li><p>Banco del comercio/vendedor (adquiriente) : establece las comisiones que se le aplicara&#769;n al comercio por aceptar la tarjeta como me&#769;todo de pago: El banco procesa la informacio&#769;n y la transforma en una autorizacio&#769;n que enviara&#769; posteriormente a Visa.</p></li><li><p>Visa: proporciona a tiempo real las autorizaciones de las transacciones asi&#769; como servicios de ana&#769;lisis de datos y prevencio&#769;n de intentos de fraude. Proporciona la infraestructura necesaria para sostener el pago electro&#769;nico: Visa lee la autorizacio&#769;n y la reenvi&#769;a al banco del consumidor que uso&#769; la tarjeta</p></li><li><p>Banco del poseedor de la tarjeta (emisor): Asume el coste de adquisicio&#769;n del cliente, emite la tarjeta y asume el riesgo crediticio: El banco del consumidor procesa la informacio&#769;n y responde a Visa aceptando o denegando (si no hay fondos) la operacio&#769;n.</p><p></p><p><strong>                                          EJEMPLO ILUSTRATIVO</strong></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!stdT!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F34a646b3-0e59-4763-8a71-a6d207dc2265_700x500.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!stdT!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F34a646b3-0e59-4763-8a71-a6d207dc2265_700x500.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!stdT!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F34a646b3-0e59-4763-8a71-a6d207dc2265_700x500.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!stdT!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F34a646b3-0e59-4763-8a71-a6d207dc2265_700x500.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!stdT!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F34a646b3-0e59-4763-8a71-a6d207dc2265_700x500.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!stdT!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F34a646b3-0e59-4763-8a71-a6d207dc2265_700x500.png" width="700" height="500" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/34a646b3-0e59-4763-8a71-a6d207dc2265_700x500.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:500,&quot;width&quot;:700,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!stdT!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F34a646b3-0e59-4763-8a71-a6d207dc2265_700x500.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!stdT!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F34a646b3-0e59-4763-8a71-a6d207dc2265_700x500.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!stdT!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F34a646b3-0e59-4763-8a71-a6d207dc2265_700x500.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!stdT!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F34a646b3-0e59-4763-8a71-a6d207dc2265_700x500.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div></li></ul><p>Fuente: nehasahay.digital</p><ol><li><p>Comprador: Paga 100$ por un art&#237;culo que cuesta 100$</p></li><li><p>Banco del comprador (emisor): Recibe 1,5$ sobre esa compra</p></li><li><p>Banco del negocio (adquiriente) : Recibe 0,2$ por la transacci&#243;n</p></li><li><p>Negocio: Recibe 98$ por el art&#237;culo vendido</p></li><li><p>VISA: Recibe 0,3$ por participar en la transacci&#243;n</p></li></ol><blockquote><p><strong>FLUJO DEL CAPITAL</strong></p></blockquote><ul><li><p>El banco del poseedor de la tarjeta genera una comisio&#769;n por ejecutar su parte de la operacio&#769;n , esta comisi&#243;n es mayor que al del resto de partes implicadas por asumir el riesgo crediticio al emitir la tarjeta. El porcentaje de la comisio&#769;n sobre el valor total de la operacio&#769;n vari&#769;a dependiendo de la geografi&#769;a.</p></li></ul><blockquote></blockquote><ul><li><p>El banco del comercio/vendedor se lleva un porcentaje el cual vari&#769;a dependiendo de lo que haya negociado con el comercio/vendedor. A mayores, estos bancos reciben pagos del operador de la red (Visa en este caso), por promover e impulsar la tarjeta como me&#769;todo de pago entre sus clientes (compradores y comercios).</p></li></ul><blockquote></blockquote><ul><li><p>La comisio&#769;n de los bancos la acaba pagando el comercio/vendedor a modo de descuento sobre el importe total de su venta o servicio. Paga por expandir su pu&#769;blico objetivo, reducir la friccio&#769;n del proceso de compra (fomentando el consumo) y mejorar la eficiencia del proceso de cobro.</p></li></ul><blockquote></blockquote><ul><li><p>El consumidor, incentivado por el banco para utilizar la tarjeta como me&#769;todo de pago (premios, descuentos o no penalizaciones), no tiene que lidiar con el efectivo. Adem&#225;s tiene proteccio&#769;n contra robos y reduce los tiempos de espera para pagar (mejora la experiencia de compra).</p></li></ul><blockquote></blockquote><p>Visa, que proporciona la infraestructura y garantiza la seguridad de la transaccio&#769;n, cobra directamente de ambos bancos (y no del comercio/vendedor) por cada transaccio&#769;n.</p><blockquote><h3><strong>C&#243;mo gana dinero</strong></h3></blockquote><h4><strong>Desglose de ingresos (2022) L&#237;neas de negocio:</strong></h4><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vYvC!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2fee1fec-ba36-4425-b3e6-f82d8b1c1de8_927x937.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vYvC!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2fee1fec-ba36-4425-b3e6-f82d8b1c1de8_927x937.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vYvC!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2fee1fec-ba36-4425-b3e6-f82d8b1c1de8_927x937.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vYvC!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2fee1fec-ba36-4425-b3e6-f82d8b1c1de8_927x937.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vYvC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2fee1fec-ba36-4425-b3e6-f82d8b1c1de8_927x937.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vYvC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2fee1fec-ba36-4425-b3e6-f82d8b1c1de8_927x937.png" width="927" height="937" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/2fee1fec-ba36-4425-b3e6-f82d8b1c1de8_927x937.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:937,&quot;width&quot;:927,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vYvC!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2fee1fec-ba36-4425-b3e6-f82d8b1c1de8_927x937.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vYvC!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2fee1fec-ba36-4425-b3e6-f82d8b1c1de8_927x937.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vYvC!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2fee1fec-ba36-4425-b3e6-f82d8b1c1de8_927x937.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vYvC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2fee1fec-ba36-4425-b3e6-f82d8b1c1de8_927x937.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: Annual Report Visa</p><p><strong>1. Service Revenues: (33,8%) 2022&nbsp;</strong></p><p>Consisten principalmente en los ingresos obtenidos por los servicios prestados en apoyo del uso de los servicios de pago de Visa por parte de los clientes. Los bancos y entidades&nbsp; que utilizan&nbsp; la red&nbsp; y que por tanto emiten/aceptan tarjetas Visa pagan una <strong>comisio&#769;n a modo de porcentaje</strong> sobre el importe bruto de cada transaccio&#769;n realizada. Esta clase de operaci&#243;n es tremendamente lucrativa para Visa ya que cuanto mayor sea el importe de la operacio&#769;n en cuesti&#243;n, mayor sera&#769; el ingreso y por ende el margen de beneficio de la operacio&#769;n para Visa, ya que esta no debe realizar m&#225;s inversi&#243;n ni le supone coste alguno.</p><p>En esta categor&#237;a de ( Consumer payments ) encontramos: CREDIT, DEBIT AND PREPAID CARDS. Ofrecen herramientas y soluciones que permiten los pagos de los consumidores y ayudan a los clientes a crecer a medida que el comercio digital, las nuevas tecnolog&#237;as y los nuevos participantes contin&#250;an transformando el ecosistema de pagos. Algunas sus capacidades para el pago de los consumidores incluyen:</p><ul><li><p><strong>TAP TO PAY: </strong>Pagos sin contacto o tocar para pagar, consiste en tocar una tarjeta sin contacto o dispositivo m&#243;vil en un terminal para realizar un pago. A nivel mundial, existen m&#225;s de 20 pa&#237;ses con m&#225;s del 90% de penetraci&#243;n sin pago por contacto y casi 70 pa&#237;ses donde &#168;tocar para pagar&#168; es tan solo el 50% de las transacciones cara a cara.</p></li><li><p><strong>TOKENIZATION: </strong>Visa Token Service (VTS), est&#225; dise&#241;ado para mejorar el ecosistema digital a trav&#233;s de una autorizaci&#243;n mejorada, reduce el fraude y la mejora de la experiencia del cliente. VTS ayuda a proteger las transacciones digitales al reemplazar los n&#250;meros de cuenta Visa de 16 d&#237;gitos con un token que protege la informaci&#243;n de la cuenta subyacente.</p></li><li><p><strong>CLICK TO PAY:</strong> Brinda una experiencia de pago en l&#237;nea simplificada y consistente para el titular de la tarjeta al eliminar ingreso de informaci&#243;n personal con clave que requiere mucho tiempo. Permite pasar datos de consumidores y transacciones de forma segura entre los participantes de la red de pagos.&nbsp;</p></li><li><p><strong>CRYPTOCURRENCY</strong>: Sirve como puente entre el ecosistema criptogr&#225;fico y su red global. Ofrecen billeteras criptogr&#225;ficas vinculadas a Credenciales de Visa donde las criptomonedas se convierten a moneda fiduciaria antes de que se pueda acceder a los fondos a trav&#233;s de Visa. Tienen asociaciones con casi 60 crypto plataformas en programas de tarjetas Visa crypto vinculadas.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uG9I!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0675b6f2-615a-47d7-99d9-487fe5d02e8a_976x140.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uG9I!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0675b6f2-615a-47d7-99d9-487fe5d02e8a_976x140.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uG9I!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0675b6f2-615a-47d7-99d9-487fe5d02e8a_976x140.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uG9I!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0675b6f2-615a-47d7-99d9-487fe5d02e8a_976x140.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uG9I!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0675b6f2-615a-47d7-99d9-487fe5d02e8a_976x140.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uG9I!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0675b6f2-615a-47d7-99d9-487fe5d02e8a_976x140.png" width="695" height="99.69262295081967" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/0675b6f2-615a-47d7-99d9-487fe5d02e8a_976x140.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:140,&quot;width&quot;:976,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:695,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uG9I!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0675b6f2-615a-47d7-99d9-487fe5d02e8a_976x140.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uG9I!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0675b6f2-615a-47d7-99d9-487fe5d02e8a_976x140.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uG9I!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0675b6f2-615a-47d7-99d9-487fe5d02e8a_976x140.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uG9I!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0675b6f2-615a-47d7-99d9-487fe5d02e8a_976x140.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div></li></ul><p>Fuente: Informe anual Visa 2022</p><p><strong>2. Data Processing: (36,4%) 2022</strong></p><p>Los ingresos por procesamiento de datos (transacciones procesadas) consisten en ingresos obtenidos por autorizaci&#243;n, compensaci&#243;n, liquidaci&#243;n, servicios de valor agregado, acceso a la red y otros servicios de mantenimiento y soporte que facilitan el procesamiento de transacciones e informaci&#243;n entre los clientes de la Compa&#241;&#237;a a nivel mundial. Visa gana una <strong>comisio&#769;n fija</strong> de $0,075 por cada transaccio&#769;n procesada independientemente de la cuanti&#769;a total de la operacio&#769;n.</p><p>A diferencia de los ingresos por servicios estos no est&#225;n ligados al volumen de la transacci&#243;n sino que Visa cobra una cantidad fija por cada transacci&#243;n procesada independientemente de la cuant&#237;a de esta.&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Net flows:</strong> Los nuevos flujos representan una oportunidad de volumen de 185 billones de d&#243;lares. El enfoque de red de redes de Visa crea oportunidades para captar nuevas fuentes de movimiento de dinero a trav&#233;s de flujos con y sin tarjeta para consumidores, empresas y gobiernos. En este segmento siempre relacionamos los pagos y transferencias que realiza Visa entre consumidores, sin embargo encontramos que Visa tambi&#233;n&nbsp; cobra&nbsp; por las transacciones mediante la facilitaci&#243;n de pagos P2P, B2C, B2B, B2b y G2C.</p><blockquote><p><strong>ESCENARIOS DE PAGOS</strong></p></blockquote><p><strong>VisaNet: </strong>Permite la autorizaci&#243;n, compensaci&#243;n y liquidaci&#243;n de transacciones de pago y nos permite ofrecer productos y soluciones que facilitan el movimiento de dinero seguro, confiable y eficiente para todos los participantes en el ecosistema.</p><p>Ej : Este escenario&nbsp; lo encontramos en un escenario tradicional donde el pago se realiza de cliente a comerciante.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-6iU!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fabfe8309-4b43-4777-9e4f-7dbc511f5934_534x157.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-6iU!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fabfe8309-4b43-4777-9e4f-7dbc511f5934_534x157.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-6iU!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fabfe8309-4b43-4777-9e4f-7dbc511f5934_534x157.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-6iU!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fabfe8309-4b43-4777-9e4f-7dbc511f5934_534x157.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-6iU!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fabfe8309-4b43-4777-9e4f-7dbc511f5934_534x157.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-6iU!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fabfe8309-4b43-4777-9e4f-7dbc511f5934_534x157.png" width="534" height="157" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/abfe8309-4b43-4777-9e4f-7dbc511f5934_534x157.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:157,&quot;width&quot;:534,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:35883,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-6iU!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fabfe8309-4b43-4777-9e4f-7dbc511f5934_534x157.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-6iU!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fabfe8309-4b43-4777-9e4f-7dbc511f5934_534x157.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-6iU!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fabfe8309-4b43-4777-9e4f-7dbc511f5934_534x157.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-6iU!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fabfe8309-4b43-4777-9e4f-7dbc511f5934_534x157.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: Informe anual Visa 2022</p><p><strong>Visa direct:</strong> Es una capacidad de procesamiento de VisaNet, Visa Direct es la plataforma global de pagos &#168;push&#168; en tiempo real de Visa, que invierte el flujo de pago con tarjeta tradicional al permitir que los originadores de pagos, env&#237;en fondos directamente a tarjetas o cuentas prepagas y de d&#233;bito elegibles. Ayuda a facilitar el movimiento de dinero r&#225;pido, simple y seguro en todo el mundo, lo que permite que las empresas y los consumidores env&#237;en dinero directamente a una cuenta bancaria o tarjeta, incluidos pagos y pagos nacionales o transfronterizos, P2P, pagos a peque&#241;as empresas y seguros corporativos, de trabajadores. y pagos del gobierno.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TPb6!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd240dc0-f4c1-48e2-8ff3-43411281759a_974x111.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TPb6!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd240dc0-f4c1-48e2-8ff3-43411281759a_974x111.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TPb6!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd240dc0-f4c1-48e2-8ff3-43411281759a_974x111.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TPb6!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd240dc0-f4c1-48e2-8ff3-43411281759a_974x111.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TPb6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd240dc0-f4c1-48e2-8ff3-43411281759a_974x111.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TPb6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd240dc0-f4c1-48e2-8ff3-43411281759a_974x111.png" width="974" height="111" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/bd240dc0-f4c1-48e2-8ff3-43411281759a_974x111.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:111,&quot;width&quot;:974,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TPb6!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd240dc0-f4c1-48e2-8ff3-43411281759a_974x111.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TPb6!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd240dc0-f4c1-48e2-8ff3-43411281759a_974x111.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TPb6!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd240dc0-f4c1-48e2-8ff3-43411281759a_974x111.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TPb6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd240dc0-f4c1-48e2-8ff3-43411281759a_974x111.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"></figcaption></figure></div><p>Fuente: Informe anual Visa 2022</p><p>EJ: Visa (B2B business to business) .&#168;Connect&#168; es una red multilateral de pagos transfronterizos B2B dise&#241;ada para facilitar las transacciones desde el banco de origen directamente al banco beneficiario, lo que ayuda a agilizar la liquidaci&#243;n y optimizar los pagos para la base de clientes corporativos de las instituciones financieras. La red ofrece pagos transfronterizos B2B que son predecibles, flexibles, ricos en datos, seguros y rentables.</p><p><strong>3. International Transaction (24,74%) 2022</strong></p><p>Los ingresos por transacciones internacionales se obtienen por el procesamiento de transacciones transfronterizas y las actividades de conversi&#243;n de divisas. Las operaciones transfronterizas surgen cuando el pa&#237;s de origen del emisor o de la entidad financiera que origina la operaci&#243;n es diferente al del beneficiario.</p><p>A pesar de tener una cantidad m&#225;xima de comisi&#243;n establecida en la mayor&#237;a de pa&#237;ses y mercados donde opera, se trata de la l&#237;nea de negocio m&#225;s lucrativa para la empresa. La comisio&#769;n ronda el 1% sobre el volumen de pagos internacionales que procesa la red.</p><p><strong>4. Other Revenues (5,1%) 2022</strong></p><p>Otros ingresos consisten principalmente en servicios de valor agregado, tarifas de licencia por el uso de la marca o tecnolog&#237;a Visa, tarifas por servicios de titulares de cuentas, certificaci&#243;n, licencias y beneficios de tarjetas, como protecci&#243;n extendida de titulares de cuentas y servicios de conserjer&#237;a.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vYQh!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff2abcd18-7bf1-42fd-a3c6-7df31c28a8e8_847x112.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vYQh!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff2abcd18-7bf1-42fd-a3c6-7df31c28a8e8_847x112.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vYQh!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff2abcd18-7bf1-42fd-a3c6-7df31c28a8e8_847x112.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vYQh!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff2abcd18-7bf1-42fd-a3c6-7df31c28a8e8_847x112.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vYQh!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff2abcd18-7bf1-42fd-a3c6-7df31c28a8e8_847x112.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vYQh!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff2abcd18-7bf1-42fd-a3c6-7df31c28a8e8_847x112.png" width="847" height="112" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f2abcd18-7bf1-42fd-a3c6-7df31c28a8e8_847x112.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:112,&quot;width&quot;:847,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vYQh!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff2abcd18-7bf1-42fd-a3c6-7df31c28a8e8_847x112.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vYQh!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff2abcd18-7bf1-42fd-a3c6-7df31c28a8e8_847x112.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vYQh!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff2abcd18-7bf1-42fd-a3c6-7df31c28a8e8_847x112.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vYQh!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff2abcd18-7bf1-42fd-a3c6-7df31c28a8e8_847x112.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: Informe anual Visa 2022</p><p>Entre los servicios de valor agregado encontramos principalmente servicios de asesor&#237;a y soluciones de riesgo e identidad tales como:</p><p>-Soluciones para emisores: Visa Debit Processing Service (DPS) es uno de los procesadores m&#225;s grandes de transacciones de d&#233;bito en el mundo. Ofrece una amplia gama de servicios de valor agregado de d&#233;bito, prepago y cr&#233;dito a los clientes, an&#225;lisis de datos, gesti&#243;n de campa&#241;as, soluciones de fraude y riesgo.</p><p>-Soluciones de aceptaci&#243;n: Cybersource es una plataforma global de gesti&#243;n de pagos. Con Cybersource, los comerciantes de todos los tama&#241;os pueden mejorar la forma en que sus consumidores interact&#250;an y realizan transacciones, mitigar el fraude y el riesgo de seguridad, reducir los costos operativos y adaptarse a los cambiantes requisitos comerciales.</p><h2><strong>3.3. Moats o Ventajas Competitivas</strong></h2><p><strong>EFECTO RED:</strong> En el caso particular de Visa, su red es la cantidad de puntos de pago que permiten el uso de tarjetas Visa. Cuanto mayor es dicha red, mayor es el incentivo de los consumidores para utilizar tarjetas Visa y cuanto mayor es el n&#250;mero de consumidores que utilizan Visa, mayor es el incentivo para los comercios utiliza Visa para aceptar los pagos, lo que de nuevo la hace m&#225;s atractiva para los consumidores, formando as&#237; un c&#237;rculo que se retroalimenta de forma constante. Esto se traduce en un mayor uso de las tarjetas y una mayor aceptacio&#769;n como me&#769;todo de pago lo que a su vez repercute directamente en los ingresos del grupo (comisio&#769;n fija + variable).</p><p><strong>PRODUCTO CR&#205;TICO</strong>: Adem&#225;s&nbsp;de expandir sus m&#225;rgenes goza de un alto poder de fijaci&#243;n de precios (pricing power), gracias a su utilidad y su necesidad de uso. Su uso diario y su aceptaci&#243;n por parte de la mayor&#237;a de la poblaci&#243;n hacen que sustituir las tarjetas como m&#233;todo de pago o suprimirlas directamente supondr&#237;a un colapso financiero.</p><p><strong>ESCALA: </strong>Una vez la infraestructura alcanza cierto nu&#769;mero de transacciones, el coste marginal es pra&#769;cticamente inexistente. El coste de procesar una transaccio&#769;n ha pasado de $0,0112 a $0,0052 desde 2006 y el coste operativo por transaccio&#769;n (incluyendo los costes de SG&amp;A + D&amp;A) de $0,075 a $0,055. Por esa razo&#769;n, el margen operativo se ha expandido del 25% (cuando entonces procesaba 35,6B de transacciones) al 67% de 2019 (con 138B de transacciones).El modelo de Visa es&nbsp; poco intensivo en capital ( asset light ) y con apenas coste marginal en nuevas transacciones (ma&#769;rgenes EBIT en 2022 del 64,2%)</p><p>Su escala, su aceptacio&#769;n global y la dificultad de reproducir la infraestructura de la red crean barreras de entrada impenetrables. Como consecuencia, los nuevos agentes que quieren entrar en el mercado de pagos optan por aliarse antes que competir directamente. Estas ventajas han contribuido a la creacio&#769;n de un duopolio. Entre Visa y Mastercard tienen el 90% de cuota de mercado (excluyendo China).</p><p>Por otra parte Visa lleva invirtiendo en preservar su imagen ma&#769;s de 60 an&#771;os, es por esto que es imposible para un nueva empresa en la industria competir contra Visa. Los comercios no tienen incentivo alguno de aceptar pagos gestionados por una empresa con un reducido n&#250;mero de tarjetas y los consumidores tampoco tienen incentivo alguno a utilizar una tarjeta que no es ampliamente aceptada. A ello hay que a&#241;adir el hecho de que, incluso alcanzando cierta escala, siempre se va a tener una desventaja econ&#243;mica debido al menor volumen de transacciones, lo que se traduce en unos m&#225;rgenes operativos inferiores.</p><p>Por si todo esto fuese poco, Visa dedica m&#225;s de $6B al a&#241;o en incentivos a sus clientes por alcanzar un determinado volumen de tarjetas emitidas, lo que hace aun m&#225;s dif&#237;cil poder competir con la empresa.</p><p>Visa tiene lo que se llama un &#168;<em>wide moat&#168;</em>, es decir, una posici&#243;n competitiva con una serie de ventajas que protegen la cuota de mercado de la empresa frente a otros competidores y nuevos entrantes, haciendo pr&#225;cticamente imposible para &#233;stos robarle parte de la demanda a las empresas.&nbsp;</p><h2><strong>3.4. Directiva</strong></h2><p><strong>Trato al accionista : </strong>&nbsp;La directiva est&#225; muy comprometida con el accionista,&nbsp;De Julio a Septiembre del 2022 recompraron un total de 11 millones de acciones.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2IHr!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f71ed5f-be60-4d72-b986-40ee6d3e43eb_978x337.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2IHr!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f71ed5f-be60-4d72-b986-40ee6d3e43eb_978x337.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2IHr!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f71ed5f-be60-4d72-b986-40ee6d3e43eb_978x337.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2IHr!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f71ed5f-be60-4d72-b986-40ee6d3e43eb_978x337.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2IHr!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f71ed5f-be60-4d72-b986-40ee6d3e43eb_978x337.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2IHr!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f71ed5f-be60-4d72-b986-40ee6d3e43eb_978x337.png" width="978" height="337" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/1f71ed5f-be60-4d72-b986-40ee6d3e43eb_978x337.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:337,&quot;width&quot;:978,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2IHr!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f71ed5f-be60-4d72-b986-40ee6d3e43eb_978x337.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2IHr!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f71ed5f-be60-4d72-b986-40ee6d3e43eb_978x337.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2IHr!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f71ed5f-be60-4d72-b986-40ee6d3e43eb_978x337.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2IHr!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f71ed5f-be60-4d72-b986-40ee6d3e43eb_978x337.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: Annual Report Visa 2022</p><p>Durante todo el a&#241;o fiscal 2022, recompraron un total de 56 millones de acciones ordinarias por un valor de 11.600 millones de d&#243;lares. Por otro lado en octubre de 2022, la junta directiva autoriz&#243; una nueva participaci&#243;n de $12,000 millones programa de recompra.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pRsH!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F508fba5b-b050-4475-a658-be16e2dae7d8_977x188.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pRsH!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F508fba5b-b050-4475-a658-be16e2dae7d8_977x188.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pRsH!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F508fba5b-b050-4475-a658-be16e2dae7d8_977x188.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pRsH!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F508fba5b-b050-4475-a658-be16e2dae7d8_977x188.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pRsH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F508fba5b-b050-4475-a658-be16e2dae7d8_977x188.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pRsH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F508fba5b-b050-4475-a658-be16e2dae7d8_977x188.png" width="977" height="188" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/508fba5b-b050-4475-a658-be16e2dae7d8_977x188.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:188,&quot;width&quot;:977,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pRsH!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F508fba5b-b050-4475-a658-be16e2dae7d8_977x188.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pRsH!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F508fba5b-b050-4475-a658-be16e2dae7d8_977x188.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pRsH!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F508fba5b-b050-4475-a658-be16e2dae7d8_977x188.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pRsH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F508fba5b-b050-4475-a658-be16e2dae7d8_977x188.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: Annual Report Visa 2022</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!x-7r!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff478791-862a-4751-8dac-e791a1922f4d_400x400.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!x-7r!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff478791-862a-4751-8dac-e791a1922f4d_400x400.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!x-7r!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff478791-862a-4751-8dac-e791a1922f4d_400x400.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!x-7r!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff478791-862a-4751-8dac-e791a1922f4d_400x400.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!x-7r!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff478791-862a-4751-8dac-e791a1922f4d_400x400.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!x-7r!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff478791-862a-4751-8dac-e791a1922f4d_400x400.png" width="278" height="278" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/ff478791-862a-4751-8dac-e791a1922f4d_400x400.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:400,&quot;width&quot;:400,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:278,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!x-7r!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff478791-862a-4751-8dac-e791a1922f4d_400x400.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!x-7r!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff478791-862a-4751-8dac-e791a1922f4d_400x400.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!x-7r!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff478791-862a-4751-8dac-e791a1922f4d_400x400.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!x-7r!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff478791-862a-4751-8dac-e791a1922f4d_400x400.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>CEO: Ryan McInerney.</p><p>McInerney ha estado con Visa desde junio de 2013 . Actualmente Ryan McInerney ocupa el cargo de Presidente de Visa, Inc. Tambi&#233;n forma parte del consejo de administraci&#243;n de US-China Business Council. Anteriormente, el Sr. McInerney ocup&#243; el cargo de director en McKinsey &amp; Co. y el de director general de banca de consumo en JPMorgan Chase &amp; Co. El Sr. McInerney se licenci&#243; en la Universidad de Notre Dame.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BPX0!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5281df68-3160-4e42-8275-d2227d177139_347x382.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BPX0!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5281df68-3160-4e42-8275-d2227d177139_347x382.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BPX0!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5281df68-3160-4e42-8275-d2227d177139_347x382.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BPX0!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5281df68-3160-4e42-8275-d2227d177139_347x382.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BPX0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5281df68-3160-4e42-8275-d2227d177139_347x382.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BPX0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5281df68-3160-4e42-8275-d2227d177139_347x382.png" width="247" height="271.9135446685879" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/5281df68-3160-4e42-8275-d2227d177139_347x382.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:382,&quot;width&quot;:347,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:247,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BPX0!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5281df68-3160-4e42-8275-d2227d177139_347x382.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BPX0!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5281df68-3160-4e42-8275-d2227d177139_347x382.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BPX0!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5281df68-3160-4e42-8275-d2227d177139_347x382.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BPX0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5281df68-3160-4e42-8275-d2227d177139_347x382.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Alfred F. Kelly se uni&#243; a Visa en diciembre de 2016 como director ejecutivo, fue elegido presidente de la junta en abril de 2019 y  se convirti&#243; en presidente ejecutivo en febrero de 2023. El Sr. Kelly pas&#243; la mayor parte de su carrera en American Express, donde trabaj&#243; desde 1987 hasta 2010.</p><p>A continuaci&#243;n podemos observar la composici&#243;n de la directiva y sus cargos, as&#237; como su salario y sus incentivos basados en acciones de la compa&#241;&#237;a en 2022.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_2a9!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F37296883-3c4e-4606-9b1a-c4c44f553b75_805x410.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_2a9!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F37296883-3c4e-4606-9b1a-c4c44f553b75_805x410.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_2a9!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F37296883-3c4e-4606-9b1a-c4c44f553b75_805x410.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_2a9!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F37296883-3c4e-4606-9b1a-c4c44f553b75_805x410.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_2a9!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F37296883-3c4e-4606-9b1a-c4c44f553b75_805x410.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_2a9!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F37296883-3c4e-4606-9b1a-c4c44f553b75_805x410.png" width="805" height="410" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/37296883-3c4e-4606-9b1a-c4c44f553b75_805x410.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:410,&quot;width&quot;:805,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_2a9!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F37296883-3c4e-4606-9b1a-c4c44f553b75_805x410.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_2a9!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F37296883-3c4e-4606-9b1a-c4c44f553b75_805x410.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_2a9!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F37296883-3c4e-4606-9b1a-c4c44f553b75_805x410.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_2a9!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F37296883-3c4e-4606-9b1a-c4c44f553b75_805x410.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: Visa-Inc 2023-Proxy<br></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FJyc!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3f6eddb3-587f-480f-810a-11cb2bc94598_939x175.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FJyc!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3f6eddb3-587f-480f-810a-11cb2bc94598_939x175.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FJyc!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3f6eddb3-587f-480f-810a-11cb2bc94598_939x175.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FJyc!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3f6eddb3-587f-480f-810a-11cb2bc94598_939x175.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FJyc!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3f6eddb3-587f-480f-810a-11cb2bc94598_939x175.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FJyc!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3f6eddb3-587f-480f-810a-11cb2bc94598_939x175.png" width="939" height="175" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3f6eddb3-587f-480f-810a-11cb2bc94598_939x175.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:175,&quot;width&quot;:939,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FJyc!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3f6eddb3-587f-480f-810a-11cb2bc94598_939x175.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FJyc!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3f6eddb3-587f-480f-810a-11cb2bc94598_939x175.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FJyc!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3f6eddb3-587f-480f-810a-11cb2bc94598_939x175.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FJyc!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3f6eddb3-587f-480f-810a-11cb2bc94598_939x175.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: Visa-Inc 2023-Proxy</p><p>Vemos c&#243;mo a pesar de ser una empresa de la magnitud que es mantienen un ratio modesto en cuanto a la compensaci&#243;n de sus directivos, a la par que estos mantienen una cantidad aceptable de acciones de la compa&#241;&#237;a.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dlr-!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcf1d1da8-a4a8-4c9c-a444-54d4d582fac2_787x573.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dlr-!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcf1d1da8-a4a8-4c9c-a444-54d4d582fac2_787x573.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dlr-!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcf1d1da8-a4a8-4c9c-a444-54d4d582fac2_787x573.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dlr-!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcf1d1da8-a4a8-4c9c-a444-54d4d582fac2_787x573.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dlr-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcf1d1da8-a4a8-4c9c-a444-54d4d582fac2_787x573.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dlr-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcf1d1da8-a4a8-4c9c-a444-54d4d582fac2_787x573.png" width="787" height="573" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/cf1d1da8-a4a8-4c9c-a444-54d4d582fac2_787x573.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:573,&quot;width&quot;:787,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dlr-!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcf1d1da8-a4a8-4c9c-a444-54d4d582fac2_787x573.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dlr-!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcf1d1da8-a4a8-4c9c-a444-54d4d582fac2_787x573.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dlr-!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcf1d1da8-a4a8-4c9c-a444-54d4d582fac2_787x573.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dlr-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcf1d1da8-a4a8-4c9c-a444-54d4d582fac2_787x573.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: Visa-Inc 2023-Proxy</p><h1><strong>4. Valoraci&#243;n</strong></h1><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3Pf5!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fccd10422-622c-45d1-bb50-0a7fb74e0501_1001x293.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3Pf5!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fccd10422-622c-45d1-bb50-0a7fb74e0501_1001x293.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3Pf5!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fccd10422-622c-45d1-bb50-0a7fb74e0501_1001x293.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3Pf5!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fccd10422-622c-45d1-bb50-0a7fb74e0501_1001x293.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3Pf5!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fccd10422-622c-45d1-bb50-0a7fb74e0501_1001x293.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3Pf5!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fccd10422-622c-45d1-bb50-0a7fb74e0501_1001x293.png" width="1001" height="293" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/ccd10422-622c-45d1-bb50-0a7fb74e0501_1001x293.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:293,&quot;width&quot;:1001,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3Pf5!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fccd10422-622c-45d1-bb50-0a7fb74e0501_1001x293.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3Pf5!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fccd10422-622c-45d1-bb50-0a7fb74e0501_1001x293.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3Pf5!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fccd10422-622c-45d1-bb50-0a7fb74e0501_1001x293.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3Pf5!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fccd10422-622c-45d1-bb50-0a7fb74e0501_1001x293.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: Tikr</p><p>La acci&#243;n ha crecido un 13,6% los &#250;ltimos 5 a&#241;os situ&#225;ndose su valoraci&#243;n dentro su media de valoraci&#243;n hist&#243;rica: 26,7X&nbsp; PER y 20,8X EBITDA. En el siguiente gr&#225;fico podemos ver la evoluci&#243;n del precio hasta el momento actual.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!klGi!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc775693c-90e3-419d-a5d7-7509f624dcef_1019x351.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!klGi!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc775693c-90e3-419d-a5d7-7509f624dcef_1019x351.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!klGi!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc775693c-90e3-419d-a5d7-7509f624dcef_1019x351.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!klGi!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc775693c-90e3-419d-a5d7-7509f624dcef_1019x351.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!klGi!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc775693c-90e3-419d-a5d7-7509f624dcef_1019x351.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!klGi!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc775693c-90e3-419d-a5d7-7509f624dcef_1019x351.png" width="1019" height="351" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c775693c-90e3-419d-a5d7-7509f624dcef_1019x351.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:351,&quot;width&quot;:1019,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!klGi!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc775693c-90e3-419d-a5d7-7509f624dcef_1019x351.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!klGi!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc775693c-90e3-419d-a5d7-7509f624dcef_1019x351.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!klGi!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc775693c-90e3-419d-a5d7-7509f624dcef_1019x351.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!klGi!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc775693c-90e3-419d-a5d7-7509f624dcef_1019x351.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: Tikr</p><p>Proyectando seg&#250;n mis estimaciones&nbsp; un crecimiento del 12% para los ingresos los pr&#243;ximos 5 a&#241;os y un margen EBIT del 66% (dentro de su media) en 2027 har&#225; un Ebitda de 35609 y un Ebit de 34092.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CV7d!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2a8c2b42-16a7-40b7-9b9e-793fcbd46e93_963x445.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CV7d!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2a8c2b42-16a7-40b7-9b9e-793fcbd46e93_963x445.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CV7d!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2a8c2b42-16a7-40b7-9b9e-793fcbd46e93_963x445.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CV7d!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2a8c2b42-16a7-40b7-9b9e-793fcbd46e93_963x445.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CV7d!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2a8c2b42-16a7-40b7-9b9e-793fcbd46e93_963x445.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CV7d!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2a8c2b42-16a7-40b7-9b9e-793fcbd46e93_963x445.png" width="963" height="445" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/2a8c2b42-16a7-40b7-9b9e-793fcbd46e93_963x445.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:445,&quot;width&quot;:963,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CV7d!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2a8c2b42-16a7-40b7-9b9e-793fcbd46e93_963x445.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CV7d!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2a8c2b42-16a7-40b7-9b9e-793fcbd46e93_963x445.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CV7d!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2a8c2b42-16a7-40b7-9b9e-793fcbd46e93_963x445.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CV7d!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2a8c2b42-16a7-40b7-9b9e-793fcbd46e93_963x445.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: Elaboraci&#243;n Propia</p><p>Aplicando un Per de 27 veces y un ev/Ebitda de 20 x obtendremos un retorno de entre el 10% proyectado a 2027. Hay que tener en cuenta que esta valoraci&#243;n tiene en cuenta que la deuda se mantiene pr&#225;cticamente constante y que las recompras de las acciones siguen el mismo ritmo, as&#237; como el pago del dividendo tal y como podemos observar en la imagen.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tLMU!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fafbe4d9e-af05-4b3c-983f-ef6f08c03fdf_1060x370.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tLMU!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fafbe4d9e-af05-4b3c-983f-ef6f08c03fdf_1060x370.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tLMU!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fafbe4d9e-af05-4b3c-983f-ef6f08c03fdf_1060x370.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tLMU!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fafbe4d9e-af05-4b3c-983f-ef6f08c03fdf_1060x370.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tLMU!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fafbe4d9e-af05-4b3c-983f-ef6f08c03fdf_1060x370.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tLMU!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fafbe4d9e-af05-4b3c-983f-ef6f08c03fdf_1060x370.png" width="727" height="253.76415094339623" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/afbe4d9e-af05-4b3c-983f-ef6f08c03fdf_1060x370.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:370,&quot;width&quot;:1060,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:727,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tLMU!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fafbe4d9e-af05-4b3c-983f-ef6f08c03fdf_1060x370.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tLMU!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fafbe4d9e-af05-4b3c-983f-ef6f08c03fdf_1060x370.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tLMU!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fafbe4d9e-af05-4b3c-983f-ef6f08c03fdf_1060x370.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tLMU!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fafbe4d9e-af05-4b3c-983f-ef6f08c03fdf_1060x370.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: Elaboraci&#243;n Propia</p><p>Por otra parte utilizando el Descuento de flujos de caja vemos como la acci&#243;n (partiendo de unos eps de 7,02 en 2022) y utilizando un <strong><a href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/w/wacc.asp">WACC</a></strong> de 7,47%, Visa se encontrar&#237;a pr&#225;cticamente en su &#168;Fair Value&#168; o precio objetivo con un valor aproximado de 244&#8364; por acci&#243;n, con tan solo un 4,4% de margen de seguridad.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9fyU!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faf6fef79-5322-497c-b929-e5035becb9a1_839x310.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9fyU!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faf6fef79-5322-497c-b929-e5035becb9a1_839x310.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9fyU!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faf6fef79-5322-497c-b929-e5035becb9a1_839x310.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9fyU!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faf6fef79-5322-497c-b929-e5035becb9a1_839x310.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9fyU!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faf6fef79-5322-497c-b929-e5035becb9a1_839x310.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9fyU!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faf6fef79-5322-497c-b929-e5035becb9a1_839x310.png" width="727" height="268.61740166865314" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/af6fef79-5322-497c-b929-e5035becb9a1_839x310.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:310,&quot;width&quot;:839,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:727,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9fyU!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faf6fef79-5322-497c-b929-e5035becb9a1_839x310.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9fyU!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faf6fef79-5322-497c-b929-e5035becb9a1_839x310.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9fyU!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faf6fef79-5322-497c-b929-e5035becb9a1_839x310.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9fyU!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faf6fef79-5322-497c-b929-e5035becb9a1_839x310.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: Elaboraci&#243;n Propia</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6YbQ!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbb3529af-e33c-462c-b411-14136dbd0991_908x302.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6YbQ!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbb3529af-e33c-462c-b411-14136dbd0991_908x302.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6YbQ!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbb3529af-e33c-462c-b411-14136dbd0991_908x302.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6YbQ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbb3529af-e33c-462c-b411-14136dbd0991_908x302.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6YbQ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbb3529af-e33c-462c-b411-14136dbd0991_908x302.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6YbQ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbb3529af-e33c-462c-b411-14136dbd0991_908x302.png" width="908" height="302" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/bb3529af-e33c-462c-b411-14136dbd0991_908x302.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:302,&quot;width&quot;:908,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6YbQ!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbb3529af-e33c-462c-b411-14136dbd0991_908x302.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6YbQ!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbb3529af-e33c-462c-b411-14136dbd0991_908x302.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6YbQ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbb3529af-e33c-462c-b411-14136dbd0991_908x302.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6YbQ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbb3529af-e33c-462c-b411-14136dbd0991_908x302.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: Elaboraci&#243;n Propia</p><p>Extracci&#243;n del WACC: Asumiendo un market return del 8% y cogiendo como tasa libre de riesgo el bono a 20 a&#241;os de USA .</p><p>Por otro lado, si nos remitimos a p&#225;ginas web como Investing o Market Screener, el consenso de los diferentes analistas es m&#225;s optimista y sit&#250;an el valor intr&#237;nseco de la acci&#243;n hasta un 12% superior al valor actual.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pBsm!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F80458fd0-7f91-48a9-af72-8f7d9c3fb27d_672x411.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pBsm!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F80458fd0-7f91-48a9-af72-8f7d9c3fb27d_672x411.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pBsm!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F80458fd0-7f91-48a9-af72-8f7d9c3fb27d_672x411.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pBsm!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F80458fd0-7f91-48a9-af72-8f7d9c3fb27d_672x411.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pBsm!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F80458fd0-7f91-48a9-af72-8f7d9c3fb27d_672x411.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pBsm!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F80458fd0-7f91-48a9-af72-8f7d9c3fb27d_672x411.png" width="406" height="248.3125" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/80458fd0-7f91-48a9-af72-8f7d9c3fb27d_672x411.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:411,&quot;width&quot;:672,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:406,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pBsm!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F80458fd0-7f91-48a9-af72-8f7d9c3fb27d_672x411.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pBsm!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F80458fd0-7f91-48a9-af72-8f7d9c3fb27d_672x411.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pBsm!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F80458fd0-7f91-48a9-af72-8f7d9c3fb27d_672x411.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pBsm!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F80458fd0-7f91-48a9-af72-8f7d9c3fb27d_672x411.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: Investing.com</p><p>Por &#250;ltimo, si realizamos un escenario de sensibilidad y proyectamos diferentes Wacc y Perpetuity Growth, vemos los posibles escenarios y c&#243;mo el precio de la acci&#243;n se desenvolver&#225; cambiando dichas variables. Por &#250;ltimo realizamos un &#168;Sanity Check&#168; proyectando el Ebitda del 2022 a diferentes m&#250;ltiplos (Exit multiple) de valoraci&#243;n y diferentes Wacc con el mismo objetivo anterior: Recrear diversos escenarios y valoraciones a futuro, siendo esta proyecci&#243;n del ebitda de 2022&nbsp;utilizando un m&#250;ltiplo de salida  ligeramente inferior a la valoraci&#243;n mediante Wacc y Perpetuity growth.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WnKn!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc5cffffa-11b1-492e-ad3c-87e5f017773f_677x336.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WnKn!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc5cffffa-11b1-492e-ad3c-87e5f017773f_677x336.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WnKn!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc5cffffa-11b1-492e-ad3c-87e5f017773f_677x336.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WnKn!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc5cffffa-11b1-492e-ad3c-87e5f017773f_677x336.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WnKn!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc5cffffa-11b1-492e-ad3c-87e5f017773f_677x336.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WnKn!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc5cffffa-11b1-492e-ad3c-87e5f017773f_677x336.png" width="677" height="336" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c5cffffa-11b1-492e-ad3c-87e5f017773f_677x336.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:336,&quot;width&quot;:677,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WnKn!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc5cffffa-11b1-492e-ad3c-87e5f017773f_677x336.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WnKn!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc5cffffa-11b1-492e-ad3c-87e5f017773f_677x336.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WnKn!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc5cffffa-11b1-492e-ad3c-87e5f017773f_677x336.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WnKn!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc5cffffa-11b1-492e-ad3c-87e5f017773f_677x336.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fuente: Elaboraci&#243;n Propia</p><h1><strong>5. RIESGOS</strong></h1><h4><strong>COMPETENCIA</strong></h4><p>Una de las tendencias actuales de la industria de pagos digitales est&#225; representada por la tecnolog&#237;a financiera (&#8220;Fintech&#8221;) empresas que brindan servicios financieros alternativos que principalmente o incluso completamente basados en Internet para proporcionar productos y servicios a sus consumidores. Esto expande los l&#237;mites de la industria que conduce a una competencia intensa y agresiva debido a un aumento del n&#250;mero de diferentes tipos de nuevos participantes, como servicios de pago no bancarios, asesores financieros&#8230; etc.</p><p>Este mercado demuestra un cambio estrat&#233;gico significativo de una de las direcciones principales desde sistemas de tarjetas hasta pagos digitales alternativos, como plataformas de pago m&#243;vil o aplicaciones. Entre los competidores encontramos:</p><p><strong>-Redes globales o multirregionales</strong>: Estas redes suelen ofrecer una gama de tarjetas de uso general de marca, productos de pago que los consumidores pueden utilizar en millones de establecimientos comerciales de todo el mundo. Entre los ejemplos destacamos: Mastercard, American Express, Discover, JCB y UnionPay. Estos competidores pueden estar m&#225;s concentrados en regiones geogr&#225;ficas espec&#237;ficas, como JCB en Jap&#243;n y Discover en los EE. UU, o tener una posici&#243;n de liderazgo en ciertos pa&#237;ses, como UnionPay en China.</p><p><strong>-Redes locales y regionales</strong>: Estas redes a menudo cuentan con el apoyo de influencia o mandato del gobierno. En algunos casos, son propiedad de instituciones financieras o procesadores de pago. Estas redes generalmente se enfocan en productos de pago de d&#233;bito y pueden tener una fuerte aceptaci&#243;n local, y marcas reconocibles. Los ejemplos incluyen STAR, NYCE y Pulse en los EE. UU., Interac en Canad&#225;, EFTPOS en Australia y Mir en Rusia</p><p><strong>-Proveedores de pago alternativos:</strong>: Billeteras digitales, ecosistemas de comercio cerrado,las soluciones BNP(Buy now pay later). Son utilizadas en&nbsp; las plataformas de criptomonedas y los sistemas de cuenta a cuenta a menudo tienen un enfoque principal de permitir pagos a trav&#233;s de comercio electr&#243;nico y canales m&#243;viles.</p><p><strong>-Redes ACH y RTP:</strong> Estas redes a menudo se rigen por regulaciones locales.&nbsp;</p><p>centrados principalmente en transferencias interbancarias, muchos est&#225;n agregando capacidades que pueden hacerlos m&#225;s competitivos para pagos minoristas. Tambi&#233;n compite con sistemas de pago de circuito cerrado, redes de pagos emergentes, transferencias electr&#243;nicas y transferencias de beneficios.</p><p><strong>-Proveedores de productos y servicios de valor agregado:</strong> Incluyen a los servicios de informaci&#243;n y firmas de consultor&#237;a que proporcionan servicios de consultor&#237;a e informaci&#243;n a instituciones financieras, comerciantes y gobiernos y tecnolog&#237;a empresas que brindan soluciones cibern&#233;ticas y de fraude, ej (PWC).</p><p><strong>LEGALES</strong></p><h4><strong>Regulacio&#769;n internacional y nacional</strong></h4><p>Como empresa global de tecnolog&#237;a de pagos, est&#225;n sujetos a regulaciones globales complejas debido a la posicio&#769;n competitiva de Visa en la industria de pagos la y las diversos reguladores contin&#250;an presionando sobre las tarifas internacionales y las comisiones interbancarias.</p><p><strong>-Restricciones de participaci&#243;n en el mercado impuestas por el gobierno</strong>: Ciertos gobiernos, incluidos China, India, Indonesia, Rusia, Tailandia y Vietnam han tomado medidas para promover los sistemas de pagos nacionales y/o ciertos emisores, redes de pagos o procesadores, al imponer regulaciones que favorecen a los proveedores nacionales, imponen los requisitos de propiedad local sobre los procesadores, requieren la localizaci&#243;n de datos o exigen que el procesamiento nacional sea hecho en ese pa&#237;s</p><p><strong>-Riesgos de litigio: </strong>Pueden verse afectados negativamente por el resultado de litigios o investigaciones, a pesar de ciertas protecciones. que est&#225;n en su lugar. Est&#225;n involucrados en diversos litigios, investigaciones y procedimientos presentados por litigantes civiles, gobiernos respecto a violaciones de la competencia y la ley antimonopolio, protecci&#243;n al consumidor, as&#237; como&nbsp; privacidad y la ley de propiedad intelectual . Estas acciones son intr&#237;nsecamente inciertas, costosas y perjudiciales para sus operaciones y pueden derivar en el pago de&nbsp; indemnizaciones o multas.&nbsp;</p><p>Adem&#225;s, los reguladores est&#225;n proponiendo nuevas leyes o reglamentos que podr&#237;an requerir que Visa adopte ciertas pr&#225;cticas de ciberseguridad y manejo de datos, crear nuevas pol&#237;ticas de derechos de privacidad individual e imponer mayores obligaciones a las empresas que manejan datos personales.</p><h1><strong>6. CONCLUSI&#211;N</strong></h1><p>Se trata de un negocio excepcional que atiende a todos los criterios establecidos para considerarlo como un negocio confiable y de calidad. El &#250;nico inconveniente ser&#237;a su valoraci&#243;n, la cual actualmente no es muy atractiva. No obstante es dif&#237;cil encontrar empresas de semejante calidad cotizando a m&#250;ltiplos bajos.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3AGw!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc54d1975-ed9c-40e3-888d-82df6cbfae26_524x284.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3AGw!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc54d1975-ed9c-40e3-888d-82df6cbfae26_524x284.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3AGw!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc54d1975-ed9c-40e3-888d-82df6cbfae26_524x284.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3AGw!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc54d1975-ed9c-40e3-888d-82df6cbfae26_524x284.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3AGw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc54d1975-ed9c-40e3-888d-82df6cbfae26_524x284.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3AGw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc54d1975-ed9c-40e3-888d-82df6cbfae26_524x284.png" width="524" height="284" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c54d1975-ed9c-40e3-888d-82df6cbfae26_524x284.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:284,&quot;width&quot;:524,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:46952,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3AGw!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc54d1975-ed9c-40e3-888d-82df6cbfae26_524x284.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3AGw!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc54d1975-ed9c-40e3-888d-82df6cbfae26_524x284.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3AGw!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc54d1975-ed9c-40e3-888d-82df6cbfae26_524x284.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3AGw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc54d1975-ed9c-40e3-888d-82df6cbfae26_524x284.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h4>&#9888;&#65039;<strong> DISCLAIMER | AVISO LEGAL </strong>&#9888;&#65039;</h4><p>Magno Investments no representa un servicio de asesoramiento financiero o servicio de inversi&#243;n. Toda la informaci&#243;n y material ofrecidos en el presente documento tienen un car&#225;cter totalmente educativo e informativo y no representan bajo ning&#250;n concepto una recomendaci&#243;n de compra o de venta de ning&#250;n activo financiero. (Art&#237;culo 63 de la Ley 24/1988, de 28 de julio, del Mercado de Valores, y en el art&#237;culo 5.1 del Real Decreto 217/2008, de 15 de febrero). Carlos Chaume y Magnoinvestments no se responsabilizan del uso que se haga de esta informaci&#243;n ni de la veracidad de las fuentes de la mismas. Antes de invertir en una cuenta real, es necesario tener la formaci&#243;n adecuada o en su defecto delegar dicha tarea en un profesional debidamente autorizado para ello.</p><p>Toda la informaci&#243;n&nbsp; facilitada desde Magnoinvestments es de car&#225;cter educativo e informativo y en ning&#250;n caso supone una recomendaci&#243;n de compra o de venta de ning&#250;n Valor burs&#225;til.&nbsp;</p>]]></content:encoded></item></channel></rss>